General structure of the Galaxy. Interchange of matter between stars and ISM. Forms of
ISM: gas and dust, extinction, reddening. Stellar clusters: globular and open, moving cluster.
Milky Way in near and far infrared. Velocity of the Sun with respect to neighbouring stars:
apex, centroid. LSR and peculiar velocities. Determination of Solar LSR velocity in respect to
the Galaxy centre. Determination of the peculiar velocity of the Sun. Simple model of the
Galaxy rotation: velocity vector of a star in respect to the Sun. Oort's approach to the Galaxy
rotation. Oort's constants. Differential rotation of the Galaxy: geometric interpretation.
Galactic rotation curve from radio observations of HI clouds. Determination of the Sun –
galactic center distance. Estimation of the Galaxy mass from Oort's constants. Models of
mass distribution in the Galaxy. Surface brightness of galaxies. Visual versus dynamical mass
of the Galaxy. Dark matter. Distribution of stellar velocities: fast and slow stars, orbits.
Distribution of components of peculiar velocities for slow stars: ellipsoid and dispersion.
Relationship between velocity dispersion, spectral type and metallicity. Asymetric distribution
of the rotational component of the peculiar velicities. Scattering of the stellar orbits leading
to the increase of the peculiar velocity dispersion. Disc and halo kinematics. Star counts
methodology. Relation between star-counts and their space distribution. Kapteyn's universe.
LF, ILF and SFR functions. LF for galactic disc and for stars in GC. Height scale and its
dependence on spectral type. Discovery of spiral arms in the Galaxy. Stability of spiral arms
and density waves. Mechanism of star formation in spiral arms. Discovery of galactic bar.
Stellar populations of the Galaxy. Thin and thick discs. Gas and dust distribution in the
Galaxy. ELS model of the Galaxy orogin: free infall and energy dissipation. SZ model of the
Galaxy formation: acrection. Chemical evolution of the Galaxy. Age and spatial distribution
of globular clusters. Origin of the thick disc. Centre of the Galaxy with a black hole.
