Cosmology
### Teaching language
English
### Objectives
The overall objective of this lecture course is to develop in the students an interest in cosmology, communicating to them in a consistent fashion the basic principles as well as the latest developments in this area.
### Learning outcomes and competences
After the frequency of this lecture course, students should be able to: understand the fundamental assumptions behind the standard cosmological model; deduce the equations that describe the dynamics of the Universe; describe the observational evidence of the standard cosmological model; understand the successes and limitations of the standard cosmological model; understand the thermodynamic processes most relevant in cosmology, in particular recombination and primordial nucleosynthesis; describe the observational constraints on cosmological parameters and their consequences for the evolution of the Universe; understand the relevance of scalar fields in cosmology, particularly in solving some of the problems of the standard cosmological model; understand the linear and nonlinear evolution of fluctuations in the density of matter in different eras and scales; understand the mechanisms responsible for the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background and its relation to the large-scale structure of Universe; describe the observational evidence for dark matter and dark energy. This course also aims to develop a wide range of complementary skills in various areas, such as personal and inter-personal organization, written and oral communication, culture in physics and astronomy and the search and selection of bibliography.
### Working method
Presencial
### Program
**1\. Introduction**
1.1 Basic concepts in Astronomy
1.2 Relevant observations for Cosmology
1.3 Revison of concepts in Special and General Relativity
**2\. The expanding Universe**
2.1 The cosmological principle
2.2 The Robertson-Walker metric
2.3 The cosmological redshift
2.4 Peculiar velocities
2.5 Equation of state
**3\. Relativistic cosmology**
3.1 Friedmann equation: deduction and solutions
3.2 Cosmological horizons and the age of the Universe
3.3 Angular and luminosity cosmological distances
**4\. The primordial Universe**
4.1 Cronology
4.2 Particles in thermal equilibrium
4.3 Entropy
4.4 Decoupling of relativistic and non-relativistic particles
4.5 Primordial nucleosynthesis
4.6 The cosmic microwave background
**5\. Inflation**
5.1 Problems in the standard cosmological model
5.2 Inflationary models
**6\. Large-scale structure formation in the Universe**
6.1 Linear evolution of density perturbations
6.2 Transfer functions
6.3 Evolution of non-linear density perturbations
6.4 Statistical description of density and velocity fields
6.5 Observational characterization of large-scale structure: distribution of galaxies, properties of the intergalactic medium, gravitational lensing.
6.6 Temperature and polarization anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background
6.7 Estimation of observational cosmological parameters: general methods, baryon acoustic oscillations and properties of galaxy clusters.
### Mandatory literature
Roos Matts; [Introduction to cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000263009 "Introduction to cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-470-84910-X
Liddle Andrew; [An introduction to modern cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000263013 "An introduction to modern cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-470-84835-9
Ryden Barbara; [Introduction to cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000291071 "Introduction to cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-8053-8912-1
### Complementary Bibliography
Weinberg Steven 1933-; [Cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000285334 "Cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 978-0-19-852682-7
Dodelson Scott; [Modern cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000279002 "Modern cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-12-219141-2
Peacock J. A.; [Cosmological physics](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000228133 "Cosmological physics (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-521-42270-1
Mo Houjun; [Galaxy formation and evolution](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000295217 "Galaxy formation and evolution (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 9780521857932
Coles Peter; [Cosmology](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000259888 "Cosmology (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 0-471-48909-3
### Teaching methods and learning activities
In the lecture classes the contents in the program are taught and their application clarified through examples.
### keywords
Physical sciences > Astronomy > Cosmology
### Evaluation Type
Evaluation with final exam
### Assessment Components
Exam: 100,00%
### Amount of time allocated to each course unit
Frequência das aulas: 42,00 hours
**Total:**: 42,00 hours
### Eligibility for exams
Presence in at least 75% of the lectures.
### Calculation formula of final grade
The assessment for the Cosmology lecture course consists of a final exam. The final classification in this course will be equal to the classification obtained in the final exam.
More information at: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=498809
Presential
TRUE
Cosmology
Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or HaDEA. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. The statements made herein do not necessarily have the consent or agreement of the ASTRAIOS Consortium. These represent the opinion and findings of the author(s).
