. "Cosmology"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Origin and evolution of the universe"@en . . "6" . "This course introduces the theoretical underpinnings and the observational evidence for modern cosmology.\r\n\r\nAfter you learn what evidence exists for the hot Big Bang model, you study the basics of relativistic cosmology. We then discuss the physical processes occurring in the early universe, such as inflation, Big Bang nucleosynthesis and recombination. Finally, you will study the origin of large-scale structure, and use this to interpret the observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background. During the exercise classes, you will apply the material covered in the lectures in more involved calculations.\r\n\r\nThis course covers the following topics:\r\n\r\nRelativistic cosmology (Friedmann equation, distances, basic parameters)\r\n\r\nThermal history of the Universe\r\n\r\nInflation\r\n\r\nBig Bang nucleosynthesis\r\n\r\nRecombination\r\n\r\nBasics of structure formation\r\n\r\nInterpretation of the Cosmic Microwave Background\n\nOutcome:\nHow galaxies and the large-scale structures in which they are embedded form is a fundamental question in extra-galactic astronomy. It is an area that has seen tremendous progress, but is still constantly challenged by ever-improving observational data. This course introduces you to this fascinating subject and the underlying physics, starting from how small density perturbations grow into dark matter haloes, to how baryons cool and form the galaxy population we observe today. It will cover the main theoretical treatment of perturbations, as well as how to interpret the main observational probes of large-scale structure.\r\n\r\nPhysical concepts are derived from basic principles where possible. The emphasis is on intuitive rather than mathematically rigorous derivations.\r\n\r\nTopics that will be covered include:\r\n\r\nLinear growth of density perturbations\r\n\r\nFree streaming\r\n\r\nTransfer functions and the matter power spectrum\r\n\r\nNon-linear spherical collapse\r\n\r\nJeans smoothing\r\n\r\nRadiation drag\r\n\r\nStatistical cosmological principle\r\n\r\nClustering and biasing\r\n\r\nHalo mass functions and Press-Schechter theory\r\n\r\nScaling laws and virial relations\r\n\r\nCosmic web\r\n\r\nRedshift-space distortions\r\n\r\nRadiative cooling and its importance\r\n\r\nAngular momentum and its influence\r\n\r\nReionization\r\n\r\nThe Gunn-Peterson effect\r\n\r\nThe thermal history of the intergalactic medium\r\n\r\nFeedback processes\r\n\r\nHalo models, semi-empirical models, and simulations" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master of Astronomy"@en . . "https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/education/study-programmes/master/astronomy" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "Within the two-year Astronomy master’s programme, you can choose from seven specialisations, ranging from fundamental or applied astronomy research in cosmology, instrumentation or data science, to combinations of astronomy research with education, management or science communication.\n\nThe two-year Astronomy master’s programme offers seven specialisations:\n1. Astronomy Research: you follow a tailor-made programme to become an independent and resourceful scientist.\n2. Astronomy and Instrumentation: obtain in-depth knowledge of state of the art approaches to develop high tech astronomy instruments.\n3. Astronomy and Data Science: focus on development and application of new data mining technologies, fully embracing modern astronomy as a data rich branch of science. \n4. Astronomy and Cosmology: discover all aspects of modern astrophysics, including extensive observation, interpretation, simulation and theory.\n5. Astronomy and Business Studies: combine training in astronomy with education in management and entrepreneurship.\n6. Astronomy and Science Communication and Society: combine research with all aspects of science communication, such as journalism and universe awareness education.\n7. Astronomy and Education (taught partly in Dutch): prepare yourself for a career in teaching science at high school level.\n\nOutcome:\nDuring the programme, you learn to perform academically sound research and evaluate scientific information independently and critically. Without exception, you actively participate in current research within the institute and are individually supervised by our international scientific staff. Students with a Leiden degree in Astronomy become strong communicators and collaborators and can easily operate in an international setting. You will acquire extensive astronomical research experience and highly advanced analytical and problem solving skills."@en . . . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "2314.00" . "Euro"@en . "19600.00" . "Mandatory" . "With a master’s degree in Astronomy you are well prepared for jobs in research, industry and the public sector, including technological, financial and consultancy companies, research institutes, governments and science communication organizations.\n\nMost graduates holding a MSc degree in Astronomy from Leiden University find work in many different capacities, including:\r\n1. Research: universities, observatories, research institutes\r\n2. Industry and consultancy: ICT, R&D, telecom, high technology, aerospace\r\n3. Finance: banking, insurance, pension funds\r\n4. Public sector: governments, policy makers, high schools\r\n5. Science communication: journalism, popular writing, museums\r\n6. Typical jobs for Astronomy graduates include:\r\n\r\nScientific researcher (postdoc, research fellow, professor)\r\n1. R&D engineer\r\n2. Consultant\r\n3. Data scientist, statistician\r\n4. Policy advisor, public information officer (e.g. Ministry of Foreign Affairs)\r\n5. High school physics teacher\r\n6. Scientific editor for magazines, newspapers and other media\n\nIf you want to get more deeply involved in research after graduating in Astronomy, consider pursuing a PhD at Leiden Observatory. If you have completed the Leiden master’s degree programme in Astronomy, you are directly eligible for admission to our PhD programme."@en . "7"^^ . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .