. "Cosmology"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Galaxy formation and evolution"@en . . "5" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nThe student will learn to understand galaxy formation as process. The student will learn to solve practical problems in observational cosmology. The student will\nmaster Newtonian perturbation theory required to explain the origin of galaxies. The student will understand the role of dark matter in galaxy formation. The student\nwill learn how the initial perturbation spectrum developed to the observed distribution of galaxies. The student will be able to describe the non-linear evolution of\ndensity perturbations using simple analytic models. The student will learn the dominant cooling processes relevant for galaxy formation and understand the importance\nof star formation and supernova feedback for galaxy evolution. The student will learn the properties and formation scenarios of disk galaxies, elliptical galaxies and\nactive galaxies. The student will learn to the importance of galaxy interactions and encounters as a force shaping the evolution of galaxies.\n\nCONTENT\nBasic elements of galaxy formation. The classification of galaxies. Statistical properties of the galaxy population. Galaxies at high redshifts. Robertson-Walker metric and the Friedmann equations.\nThe evolution of small perturbations. The Jeans' instability in a static and expanding Medium. Cosmological horizons and perturbations on superhorizon scales. Adiabatic and isothermal perturbations. Hot and cold dark matter in galaxy formation models. The two-point correlation function for galaxies. The initial power spectrum and transfer functions. The non-linear collapse of density perturbations. Top-hat collapse and the Zeldovich approximation. The Press-Schechter mass function and dark matter density profiles. The cooling and heating of gas in dark matter haloes. The cooling function and galaxy formation. Molecular clouds and self-regulated star formation. Supernova feedback: The ejection and heating of gas. Formation of disk galaxies and the origin of disk scaling relations. Galaxy interactions and encounters. Tidal stripping and dynamical friction. Orbital decay and galaxy merging. Structure and formation of elliptical galaxies. The physics of Active galaxies (AGNs). The formation and evolution of AGNs." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master's programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences"@en . . "https://www.helsinki.fi/en/degree-programmes/particle-physics-and-astrophysical-sciences-masters-programme" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "What are the laws of nature governing the universe from elementary particles to the development of the solar system, stars, and galaxies? In the Master’s Programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences, you will focus on gaining a quantitative understanding of these phenomena.\n\nWith the expertise in basic research that you will gain in the programme, you might pursue a career in research. You will also acquire proficiency in the use of mathematical methods, IT tools and/or experimental equipment, as well as strong problem-solving and logical deduction skills. These will qualify you for a wide range of positions in the private sector.\n\nAfter completing the programme, you will:\n\n-Have wide-ranging knowledge of particle physical and/or astrophysical phenomena.\n-Have good analytical and computational skills and the ability to make sophisticated deductions.\n-Be able to apply theoretical, computational and/or experimental methods to the analysis and understanding of various phenomena.\n-Be able to apply your knowledge of particle physical and astrophysical phenomena as well as identify their interconnections.\n-Be able to formulate hypotheses and test them based your knowledge"@en . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "no tuition, other costs may apply" . "Euro"@en . "15000.00" . "None" . "A Master’s degree in elementary particle physics or astrophysical sciences provides you with excellent qualifications for postgraduate education in research or for a career in diverse positions both in Finland and abroad. As a Master’s graduate you could begin a career in research and development in industry as well as in universities and other research institutes that enable you to conduct independent research on a topic that interests you."@en . "2"^^ . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .