. "Cosmology"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "large-scale universe"@en . . "3" . "Large-scale astrophysical individual and statistically defined objects: galaxies, clusters of galaxies, voids, cosmic web, baryon acoustic oscillations, cosmic microwave background fluctuations; Physical cosmology: hot big bang model (FLRW model, Hubble-Lemaitre expansion, cosmic microwave background, primordial nucleosynthesis), Friedmann equations, Einstein static solution, Einstein-de Sitter model, scale-factor--time--redshift relations, comoving arc length, angular diameter distance, luminosity distance, cosmological paradoxes, LambdaCDM model, general-relativistic models and their observational foundations, galaxy formation" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in Physics and Astronomy (PandA)"@en . . "https://www.fizyka.umk.pl/panel/wp-content/uploads/PandA_2022_23.pdf" . "180"^^ . "Presential"@en . "no data"@en . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "no tuition, other costs may apply" . "Polish Zloty"@en . "20000.00" . "None" . "Graduates of astronomical and physical studies at the Nicolaus Copernicus University successfully find themselves in doctoral schools in Poland and abroad. They are employed as specialists in research centers, they are valued specialists in the operation of advanced devices and computer systems, they are great at popularizing science. They easily learn new skills, are not afraid of difficult challenges and quickly advance to managerial positions. Equipped with knowledge and methods of exploring both the micro and nano-world, as well as the most distant corners of the cosmos, you will easily find a place for yourself in the world of new technologies."@en . "no data" . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .