. "Remote Sensing"@en . . "English"@en . . "Electromagnetic radiation"@en . . "6" . "- Waves Propagation - this lecture presents the fundamental equations of electromagnetism and the resulting concepts\n- Scattering of electromagnetic waves - this lecture deals with electromagnetic radiation emitted in free space and in the presence of\ndiffracting objects. It mainly relies on the electric-field integral equation." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Radiative transfer in the atmosphere and ocean"@en . . "3" . "Molecular spectroscopy - molecular spectroscopy is a key method to determine the spectral signature of the Earth and the\nother planets of the Solar system, as well as the exoplanets. It aims at recording the electromagnetic\nradiation reflected or emitted by a target (surface or atmosphere) in very narrow wavebands. In particular it\nplays an essential role in the monitoring of the evolution of our atmosphere (aerosols and gas molecules).\nIn the next decades, large telescopes will extend observation to new spectral domains and boost the\nsearch for life on exoplanets. New instruments designed to analyze the chemical composition of the Earth's\nlower atmosphere (greenhouse gases, pollutants, etc.) use technologies that allow measurements of\nspectra with very high spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratios. The interpretation of these spectra\nrequires mastering theoretical and experimental spectroscopic analysis techniques.\n- Introduction to radiative transfert this lecture introduces the concepts of direct and inverse radiative transfer, which underlie the\nstudy of the Earth's atmosphere using remote sensing satellites, in the context of climate studies. The\nphysical variables and fundamental laws are reminded, leading to the derivation of the radiative transfer\nequation that calculates the electromagnetic radiation transmitted or emitted by the atmosphere and\nmeasured at the top of it. This equation involves various thermodynamic, spectroscopic and instrumental\ninformation. The main radiative transfer codes are described. Finally, the inverse problem that consist in\nextracting atmospheric variables from radiometric measurements is discussed and illustrated by numerous\nexamples involving present space missions." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Radiometry and remote sensing"@en . . "6" . "Antenna theory\n- LiDAR Remote Sensing\n- Microwave Remote Sensing\n- Optical imaging -overview of Earth observation satellite imaging systems in the reflective domain.\n- Atmospheric remote sensing\n- Land surface remote sensing -this lecture is an introduction to the characterization of terrestrial surfaces by remote sensing,\nmainly in the solar domain. At first, the different modes of interaction of solar radiation with continental\nsurfaces are discussed. The second part of the lecture is devoted to the determination of the biochemical\nand structural parameters of vegetation by hyperspectral and multiangular remote sensing, from the leaf\nscale to the ecosystem. In the last part, we discuss the quantification of energy balance on the surface of\nthe Earth and its importance in climate models. Emphasis is put on physical modeling at different scales." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Satellite orbits"@en . . "3" . "- Celestial mechanics- this lecture presents the fundamental laws of space mechanics that govern the movement of\nbodies around the Earth. It is illustrated with examples, analyzing differences in Keplerian movement and\nthe conditions of observation from the ground. It also provides the characteristics of the main orbits of Earth\nobservation satellites, with emphasis on the orbits of the GNSS satellites.\n- Satellite orbits - this lecture is based on the concepts acquired in the \"Celestial Mechanics\" class to apply them\nmore specifically to the orbit of satellites. By studying the relative movements between the orbit, the Earth and the Sun, it is focused on Earth observation satellites (and the very important case of sun-synchronous\nsatellites). It also studies the trace of satellites, their repetitiveness, the evolution of their altitude, as well as\nthe geometric conditions of shooting (swath, spatial and temporal sampling). It end with a brief study of\nsatellites around Mars or other celestial bodies.\n- Space law" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Data analysis and signal processing"@en . . "3" . "- Signal processing - this lecture presents deterministic and random signal processing methods.\n- Data analysis \n- Artifical Intelligence" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Numerical modeling"@en . . "3" . "Numerical modeling in Python and Fortran" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Optional modules - 6 ects (choice of 2 lectures over 6)"@en . . "6" . "- Remote sensing of tectonics and volcanic deformation\n- Satellite geodesy This lecture aims to give a general culture on current utilization of the space\ngeodetic techniques in many geophysical fields (non-tectonic deformations, meteorological and climate\napplications) and open up new perspectives on their future utilizations\n- Planetary remote sensing - This lecture aims at giving a general culture on the exploration of the Solar System and describing the\nremote sensing methods commonly used to study the planets and small bodies without atmosphere in\nthe Solar System.\nThe methodologic part is dedicated to implementing in Python language sensitivity analysis and an\ninversion method using Bayesian inversion.\n- Energetics of the climate system Géneral Organization of the Course\n1. The Earth seen as a whole: global processes and history\n2. Radiative Processes and Radiative-Convective Models\n(vertical dimension of the problem)\n3. Atmospheric and Oceanic Transport (horizontal dimension\nof the problem)\n4. Anthropogenic forcings and climate response: uncertainties and\nfeedbacks\n5. The COPs: what is the role expected from science\n- Clouds, aerosols and precipitations - This course provides key elements of aerosol, cloud and precipitation physics, from the small scale\n(the particles composing clouds) to the regional scale (a cloud system) and up to the global scales.\nIt includes:\n- Origin and chemical composition of aerosols\n- Spatial and vertical distributions of particles in the atmosphere\n- Microphysics of aerosols: brownian motion, coagulation, condensation, deposition, cloud\nnucleation\n- Optical properties of aerosols\n- Aerosol radiative forcing: direct, semi-direct, indirect, impact on snow and ice surfaces\n- Water in the atmosphere: thermodynamics of moist air\n- Microphysics of warm clouds: formation and growth of cloud droplets\n- Microphysics of cold clouds: formation and growth of ice crystals\n- Precipitation processes : Rain and Snow\n- Opical properties of clouds\n- Effect of clouds on radiations\n- Cloud feedbacks and link with climate sensitivity\n- Atmospheric chemistry and air quality - This course presents the mechanisms that control the composition of the atmosphere in\nthe lower atmosphere, in remote and polluted environments. A first part introduces the\nbasics of chemical kinetics and photochemical equilibria in the troposphere. The\nequilibrium of the stratosphere and the evolution of the ozone layer are then studied. The\nrest of the course is devoted more specifically to the understanding of the oxidative\ncapacity of the troposphere and the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosols.\nThe main processes involved in the development of air pollution episodes at urban and\nregional scales, as well as the tools used by the scientific community and air quality\nmanagement services for air quality monitoring and forecasting, are then described. The\nspecific structure of the boundary layer and the associated chemical and dynamical\nprocesses are detailed, including emissions, deposition and chemical evolution.\nAll aspects are introduced theoretically before providing a specific description of the\npractical application in modeling platforms. These models are presented in the context of\ncurrent air quality policies in Europe and key issues are presented to understand the\nrealistic abatement choices discussed for improving air quality and limiting climate\nchange. Various current applications are described such as extreme case analysis,\nscenario studies up to operational forecasting, health impact assessment, chemistryclimate analysis" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Image processing"@en . . "3" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in earth and planet sciences, environment: fundamentals of remote sensing (FRS)"@en . . "https://u-paris.fr/en/master-in-earth-and-planet-sciences-environment-fundamentals-of-remote-sensing-frs/" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "Electromagnetism, radiometry, radiative transfer, orbitography,Data and image processing, numerical modelling\nApplications of remote sensing (geophysics, natural hazards, terrestrial ecosystems, natural resources, exploration of the solar system, etc.)\nSpace law"@en . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "no data" . "243.00" . "Euro"@en . "243.00" . "Mandatory" . "It allows students to do a PhD thesis in Geophysics, Environmental Science, Planetary Science or Applied Science. It also gives them the opportunity to work directly in technology companies in the space and telecommunication sector."@en . "no data" . "FALSE" . "Downstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . "French"@en . . "Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP)"@en . . .