. "Physics"@en . . "Computer Science"@en . . "Astronomy"@en . . "English"@en . . "Mathematics"@en . . "Chemistry"@en . . "Interplanetary matter (1)"@en . . "4" . "Part of Comet: Components and history of IPM research, spatial distribution of IPM components, orbits, observation methods; Comets and Centauri: classification, observations, discoveries, physical properties, construction and evolution of comets, processes of approach to the Sun, models, active areas, dust, photometry, changes in brightness and aging of comets, decays, non-gravitational effects, Oort cloud, Kuiper belt, missions to comets.\r\n\r\nPart of Asteroids: Orbits, main belt and bodies on special orbits, resonances, families, orbital evolution, non-gravitational perturbation, Yarkovsky phenomenon, YORP effect, collisions, impacts, tidal decays, rotation of asteroids - spin barrier, binary asteroids, asteroid composition, asteroid research - astrometry, photometry, spectroscopy, polarimetry, radar, eclipses. NEOs, collisions with the Earth and the risk of impact, survey projects, discoveries, missions to asteroids, the latest findings.\r\n\r\nPart Transneptunian bodies: Kuiper belt, discoveries, classification, resonant groups, scattered disk and distant bodies, physical characteristics, spectra, sizes, Pluto, missions.\n\nOutcome:\nThe student will gain basic knowledge in the field of asteroids, comets and transneptunian bodies and an overview of current research." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Celestial mechanics (1)"@en . . "7" . "Two-body problem. Central orbits. General integrals of motion. Conservation laws. Relationship between integral constants and orbital parameters. Kepler’s laws. Gauss’s constant, astronomical unit, masses of planets. Energy integral and limits of velocities. Elliptical, parabolic and hyperbolic motion. Solution of Kepler’s equation. Orbit in space. Types of orbits in the Solar system. Ephemeris calculation. Time series. Fundamentals of orbit determination. N-body problem. General integrals. Relative coordinates, concept of preturbations, disturbing function. Introduction to perturbations. Virial Theorem.\n\nOutcome:\nThe course provides an introduction to astrodynamics, two-body problem, basics of orbit determination. Introduction to the n-body problem." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Theoretical astrophysics (1)"@en . . "7" . "Introduction (blackbody radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann law, specific intensity, flux, K-integral), Absorption and emission coefficient, Source function, Transfer equation (plane-parallel approximation, integral of flux, mean intensity and K-integral), Radiative equilibrium and Milne equations, Grey atmosphere (Eddington and Chandrasekhar solutions), Continuum absorption coefficient (absorption coefficients of hydrogen and helium, total absorption coefficient), Model atmosphere (hydrostatic equilibrium, temperature distribution, limb darkening, dependence on pressure and chemical composition), Line absorption coefficient (natural broadening, thermal broadening, pressure broadening, convolution, Fourier transformation, Voigt profile), Behavior of spectral lines (source function, profile), Chemical analysis and the line transfer equation, Stellar rotation, Turbulence in stellar atmospheres.\n\nOutcome:\nUnderstanding the basics of radiation transfer in stellar atmospheres." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Seminar on astronomy and astrophysics (1)"@en . . "2" . "Student's own scientific work, preparation of background materials and presentation of partial results of the diploma thesis. Active participation in the discussion. Presentation of current results of research programs by the staff of the Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics and invited speakers.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will gain experiences with the preparation and oral presentation of their scientific work and with active participation in the discussion. Students will deepen their knowledge of the research fields covered at the seminar presentations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Theoretical astrophysics (2)"@en . . "7" . "Introduction (definition of a star, HR diagram), Sources of stellar energy, Time scales, Conservation laws, The equations of stellar evolution, Properties of matter and energy transport (equation of state, electron degeneracy pressure, radiation pressure, adiabatic index, radiative transfer), Nuclear reactions (pp chain, CNO cycle, burning of He and heavy elements, s-process, r-process), Nuclear reaction rates and Gamow peak, Equilibrium stellar configurations (equations of stellar structure, polytrope, Chandrasekhar limit, Eddington luminosity), The stability of stars (thermal instability in degenerate gas, thin shell instability, dynamic instability, convection), Stellar evolution in rho-T diagram, An evolution of the stellar core and a structure of the star, The pre-main-sequence phase in HR diagram (protocloud, Jeans instability, fragmentation, Hayashi track), Stellar evolution on the main sequence (lower and upper part of the main sequence, Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit), Evolution away from main-sequence in HR diagram (Hertzsprung gap, red giants, helium flash, helium core burning, AGB stars), Final stages of stellar evolution (white dwarfs, supernovae, neutron stars, black holes).\n\nOutcome:\nUnderstanding the basics of the theory of stellar structure and evolution." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Galactic and extra-galactic astronomy (1)"@en . . "6" . "spherical astronomy – galactic coordinates and proper motions in galactic coordinates; Solar motion, Local standard of rest (LSR); theory of galactic rotation; Oort’s equations and constants; rotation curve, dark matter; spiral structure of the Galaxy; galactic bar; stellar dynamics; regular and irregular forces in stellar systems; basic equation of stellar dynamics; characteristics of trajectories of stars; perturbations: epicyclic motion in the galactic plane and cyclic motion in a plane normal to the galactic plane; dark matter dynamics and generalized gravity, apparent distribution of stars, differential and integral function of brightness, luminosity function, interstellar absorption.\n\nOutcome:\nTo gain basic knowledge of the Galactic structure and the motions of Galactic objects. Students will be able to study and understand the-state-of-the-art scientific papers and/or be able to independently recalculate the published results." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Celestial mechanics (2)"@en . . "4" . "General integrals of the n-body motion. Disturbing function. Perturbed orbits. Small impulses and the change of orbital elements. Lagrange's planetary equations, 1-st order solution. Introduction to resonances. Restricted three-body problem. Jacobi integral. Lagrangian equilibrium points, stable and unstable solution. Tisserand invariant. Gravitational spheres.\r\n\r\nNumerical solution of n-body problem, Cowell and Encke type.\r\n\r\nGravitational potential of a finite body. Perturbations in satellite motion.\n\nOutcome:\nFundamentals of the three-body and the n-body problem. General and special perturbations, secular motion. Motion in the field of a finite body." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Laboratory practice (1)"@en . . "2" . "Preparing of an observation programs for the astronomical telescope. Astrometric and photometric processing of CCD images. Photometric light curve analysis. Basics of acquisition and processing of video meteors. Meteor observation methods. Astronomical data processing.\n\nOutcome:\nThe student will gain basic knowledge regarding the acquisition, processing and analysis of observation material." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Seminar on astronomy and astrophysics (2)"@en . . "2" . "The student will gain basic knowledge regarding the acquisition, processing and analysis of observation material.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will gain experiences with the preparation and oral presentation of their scientific work and with active participation in the discussion. Students will deepen their knowledge of the research fields covered at the seminar presentations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Field practice"@en . . "4" . "Preparation and implementation of observations in the field of interplanetary matter, solar physics, stellar and galactic astronomy. Familiarization with instrumentation and its control. Acquisition of observation data, its processing, analysis, archiving and discussion of the obtained results.\n\nOutcome:\nAcquisition of scientific observation skills and habits, practical use of instrumentation, processing of own acquired data." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Interplanetary matter (2)"@en . . "3" . "Terms in meteor astronomy, history and methods of observations, formation of meteoroid streams, shower and sporadic activity, physics of meteoroid interaction with the atmosphere, nature of meteor emission, basics of spectroscopy and physical properties of meteoroids. Meteorites – statistics, atmospheric interaction. Light, sound and impact effects. Classification, stony, stony-iron and iron meteorites. Antarctic meteorites, Slovak meteorites. Meteorite ages. Meteoritic craters. Differentiation between meteorites and terrestrial minerals.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will learn the physics of the meteoroid interaction with the atmosphere, origin and formation of meteoroid streams, history and methods and analyses of meteors, nature of meteor emission and physical properties of meteoroids. They will also learn about light, sound and impact effects of meteorite falls, their statistics, classification, chemical and mineralogical composition, structural properties, and ages. After completing the course, students will be able to perform basic analysis of meteors and meteoroids, to classify different types of meteorites and distinguish them from terrestrial rocks and materials." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Laboratory practice (2)"@en . . "2" . "Analysis of radio outbursts from solar flares. Design and analysis of a simple optical system using the OSLO-edu program. Lunar eclipse calculation. Asteroid rotation study based on photometric observations. Determining the observer's geographical position according to the star positions. Reduction and fitting of fireball emission spectra.\n\nOutcome:\nAfter completing this course, students will be able to independently process and analyze astronomical observations with a focus on subsequent publishing activities." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Diploma seminar"@en . . "5" . "Methodical procedures for elaboration of the structure and time schedule of the assigned project; work with scientific literature; methods of data collection. Written processing of assigned topics according to specific thesis assignments. Clear formulation of the content and objectives of the work, investigation procedures, analysis of ambiguities, partial presentations of results on the assigned topic of the thesis. Joint interactive analysis of individual presentation performances and critical discussion. Gradual presentation of the state of development of the theses of individual students. Discussion of used methods, results and literature overview.\n\nOutcome:\nBy completing the seminar, students will be able to categorize scientific literature and perform analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from literature and master the methods of work on a scientific project related to the topic of his/her thesis. Students will prepare for writing a diploma thesis, learn the methodological procedures of preparing a diploma thesis, gain an overview of the current state of literature on the topic of the thesis, learn the methodology of scientific work, processing and evaluation of results." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Solar physics"@en . . "4" . "Basic definitions and assumptions, basic physical facts about the Sun. Internal structure of the Sun, energy production, energy transfer by radiation and convection. The solar neutrinos problem. Helioseismology. Solar atmosphere. Photospheric radiation, radiative transfer in the photosphere, Fraunhofer spectral lines, photospheric structures. Chromosphere. Transition region and corona, optically thin radiation, solar flares, coronal mass ejections. Solar activity and its cycle, solar wind, solar-terrestrial connection, space weather. Magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere, measurements of the magnetic field strength, Stokes parameters. Solar dynamics, differential rotation and its description.\n\nOutcome:\nGain knowledge about the physics of the Sun and the physical processes of energy formation and transfer." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Galactic and extra-galactic astronomy (2)"@en . . "4" . "Models of the Galaxy; Galactic structures: spiral arms, galactic warp and flare, stellar streams; resonances in the Galaxy; classification of galaxies, their structure, and properties; methods of\r\n\r\ndetermining galactic masses and distances; radial galactic velocities, redshift, and Hubble’s law; galactic gas; space distribution of galaxies, local group of galaxies, clusters of galaxies; basics of galactic evolution; galactic mergers and interaction with intergalactic gas; active galaxies, galactic nuclei, quasars.\n\nOutcome:\nTo gain basic knowledge about galaxies in the Universe, their structure, kinematic and dynamic. Students will be able to study and understand the-state-of-the-art scientific papers." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Seminar on astronomy and astrophysics (3)"@en . . "2" . "Student's own scientific work, preparation of background materials and presentation of partial results of the diploma thesis. Active participation in the discussion. Presentation of current results of research programs by the staff of the Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics and invited speakers.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will gain experiences with the preparation and oral presentation of their scientific work and with active participation in the discussion. Students will deepen their knowledge of the research fields covered at the seminar presentations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Seminar on astronomy and astrophysics (4)"@en . . "3" . "Student's own scientific work, preparation of background materials and presentation of partial results of the diploma thesis. Active participation in the discussion. Presentation of current results of research programs by the staff of the Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics and invited speakers\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will gain experiences with the preparation and oral presentation of their scientific work and with active participation in the discussion. Students will deepen their knowledge of the research fields covered at the seminar presentations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Spectroscopy in astronomy"@en . . "3" . "Hartree-Fock theory of atom and molecule. Atomic and molecular orbitals. Energy levels of atoms and molecules. Born - Oppenheimer approximation. Rotational and vibrational states of diatomic molecules. Rotational levels of polyatomic molecules. Vibration of polyatomic molecules. Electron states and electron spectra. atoms and molecules Symmetry of transitions, selection rules. Spin-orbital coupling. Summary of quantum mechanical theory of rotational moment. Spectroscopic methods in astronomy, modeling of synthetic spectra and fitting methods. Emission, absorption and reflectance spectroscopy in stellar, galactic and interplanetary astronomy.\n\nOutcome:\nGaining a basic overview of the energy states of atoms and molecules, their spectral characteristics, quantum-chemical description of rotational and vibrational motions, basic types of molecular spectroscopy, selection rules, their origin. To provide an overview of methods and applications of spectroscopic research in astronomy." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Cosmic electrodynamics (1)"@en . . "4" . "Introduction (ionization, radiation, …), Criteria of plasma, (macroscopic neutrality, Debye shielding, plasma frequency), Plasma in the Universe (Sun, solar wind, ionosphere, magnetosphere), Plasmatic devices (tokamak, plasma propulsion, MHD generator), General properties of plasma, Motion of charged particle in uniform static magnetic field (gyration, helical motion, magnetic moment, magnetization current), Motion in uniform static electromagnetic field (plasma drift, cycloid, Hall current, gravitation field drift), Motion in nonuniform static electromagnetic field (Alfvén approximation, gradient, divergence and curvature terms, curvature and gradient drift, adiabatic invariants, magnetic mirror, tokamak), Motion in time-varying electromagnetic field (polarization drift, mobility dyad, cyclotron resonance, magnetic moment invariant, magnetic compression).\n\nOutcome:\nUnderstanding the basics of astrophysical plasma." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Computers in astronomy (1)"@en . . "4" . "Work with Python libraries such as installation, basic set-up, input parameters, usage of functions, programming own scripts. Work with FITS images covering image calibration, segmentation and astrometric reduction. Calculation of object’s ephemerides, coordinates transformation, own scripts development. Usage of Python libraries Python libraries AstroPy, SciPy, NumPy, matplotlib, rebound, SourceExtractor, and sgp4.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will acquire basic skills for work with astronomical libraries in Python. These skills will cover areas like FITS image processing, object’s ephemeris prediction on celestial sphere, application of numerical integration in astronomy and visualization of obtained scientific data." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Planetary cosmogony"@en . . "4" . "Historical models of the formation of the Solar System. Nucleogenesis of chemical elements and their cosmic abundances. Gravitational collapse and the Jeans criterion. Solar System formation, standard model, chemical condensation equilibrium theory of dust formation. Turbulence in protoplanetary disks, collisional growth of planetesimals. Protoplanetary disk structure. Massive disk model - gaseous planets, planet migration. Chronology of the formation of Solar System bodies. Other planetary systems, circumstellar dust disks, the cycle of matter in interstellar clouds.\n\nOutcome:\nThe graduate of the course will gain theoretical knowledge of models of the origin and development of planetary systems and will have an overview in the most recent publications in the field of planetary science." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Astronomical instruments"@en . . "3" . "Instruments and techniques for the optical region: basic types of telescopes, optical aberrations, telescope mountings and control systems, atmospheric observational effects, active and adaptive optics, ground and space based telescopes. Detectors for optical, near infrared and ultraviolet regions: the eye, photovoltaic cells, photomultipliers, image intensifiers, CCD, CMOS, increasing of signal to noise ratio. Instruments for spectroscopy and polarimetry. Instruments and techniques for astronomical image processing: digitization, standard astronomical graphical formats, basic algorithms and image transforms in astronomy. Instruments for radioastronomy: detectors, receivers, radiotelescopes, radars. Instruments for solar physics: solar telescopes, narrow band filters, spectroheliograph, coronograph.\n\nOutcome:\nAfter completing the course, students will have knowledge of astronomical instruments and the possibility of their application in astronomical observations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Exoplanets"@en . . "3" . "Current state of exoplanet research, detection methods: radial velocities, transits, microlenses, direct imaging, astrometry, transition timing, exoplanet atmosphere and interior, orbital development and dynamics, migration, Kepler orbits, habitable zone, moons of exoplanets, multiple star planets systems, free exoplanets, resonant orbits, protoplanes, dust disks, the future of exoplanet research.\n\nOutcome:\nThe student will gain basic and latest knowledge about extrasolar planets: current state, detection methods, physical properties, evolution and future research." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Principles of mathematical modelling in science and engineering"@en . . "3" . "Basic principles of modeling.\r\n\r\nPrinciple of nondimensionalisation. Buckingham Pi-theorem. Dimensionless parameters.\r\n\r\nAsymptotic expansion, convergence vs. divergence, uniformity. Matched asymptotic approximations.\r\n\r\nApplication of asymptotic methods: Van der Pol oscillator.\r\n\r\nHeat transfer model. Degenerate diffusion.\r\n\r\nMaterial derivative. Vorticity. Viscous flow.\r\n\r\nFlow instability and transition to turbulence.\n\nOutcome:\nBy completing this course, the student will gain knowledge of the principles of mathematical modeling of phenomena in the natural and technical sciences." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Astrobiology"@en . . "3" . "Astrobiology as a research field - introduction. Stars, planets, exoplanets. Conditions on early Earth. Comets and asteroids – sources of organic compounds. Habitable zone and terrestrial planets (HZ definition, search for life on Mars). Other life-supporting regions in the Solar system. Conditions for emergence of life on early Earth – biogenic elements and their origin in nucleosynthesis, water – mandatory but not sufficient condition for life as we know it, evidence of the first life forms, alternatives to water-carbon based life. Abiogenesis – RNA, LUCA and central dogma of molecular biology. Evolution and domains of life. Impacts and global cataclysms, major extinctions. Influence of the Moon on the stability of the biosphere. Physical and chemical limits of the biosphere - extremophiles. Biosignatures and their observation in space. Emergence of complex and intelligent life. Drake’s equation and it’s relevance for astrobiology. Fermi’s paradox. Extraterrestrial civilizations and impacts of their potential discovery.\n\nOutcome:\nThe aim of this course is to provide students with up-to-date knowledge of astronomical and biological aspects of the origin of life including conditions required to harbor life on our home planet and elsewhere in the universe." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Selected topics in history of astronomy"@en . . "3" . "Origin of astronomy; Astronomy of ancient cultures; Astronomy of Greek philosofers: Aristarchos, Hipparchos; Almagest; Ptolemaios and the geocentric conception of the world; Astronomy in the middle ages; Copernicus and the heliocentric system; Gaileo Galilei; Kepler; Newton and development of celestial mechanics. Development of astrophysics.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Asteroids"@en . . "3" . "The location of stable orbits in the Solar System, resonances, families, cumulative distribution, unstable orbits. Meteorites, theories of Solar System origin. The methods (and techniques) of explorations – photometry, polarimetry, radiometry, spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, radar. The composition, albedo, taxonomic types, comparison with comets and meteorites. Near-Earth objects, the frequency of falls on Earth (craters, bolides). Nongravitational effects acting on small asteroids.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Comets"@en . . "3" . "Introduction: discoveries, comet morphology, clarity, manifestations. Comet dynamics: classification / types of comet orbits in the Solar System. Comet physics: mechanisms of their radiation, thermal regime during one orbit. Theories of the formation of the solar system and comets. Comet research methods - specifics of astrometry, photometry, polarimetry, radiometry, spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, radar. Size, composition, albedo cores. Tails, their types, development, manifestations. The origin of comets. Comet missions, the latest findings.\n\nOutcome:\nThe student will gain a detailed overview of the main and latest knowledge in comet research. Their position and connection with other components of MPH will be approached." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Cosmic electrodynamics (2)"@en . . "3" . "Kinetic theory (relaxation, Boltzmann equation and its moments, Vlasov equation, macroscopic variables, macroscopic transport equations – continuity equation, equation of motion, energy transport equation), Basics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD equations, Ohm law, Simplified MHD equations), Magnetic Reynolds number, Diffusion of magnetic field, Freezing of magnetic field lines in plasma, Waves in plasma (sound waves, magnetic pressure, Alfvén and magnetoacustic waves, phase velocity diagram), Attenuation of MHD, Alfvén, sound and magnetosonic waves, Waves in cold and hot plasma and resonances.\n\nOutcome:\nUnderstanding the basics of magnetohydrodynamic and plasma waves." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Physics of planets"@en . . "3" . "The exploration of the Solar system and its origin; Mercury; Venus; The Earth; The Moon; Mars; Interiors, surfaces and atmospheres of the terrestrial planets; The interplanetary medium and planetary magnetospheres; Interiors and atmospheres of the giant planets; Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan; Triton, Pluto a Charon; Small and icy moons and planetary rings; Life in the Solar system and other planetary systems.\n\nOutcome:\nIntroduction to planetary physics enabling students to gain an overview of the physical characteristics and evolutionary relationships between solar system objects" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Selected problems in astrophysics"@en . . "3" . "Basic terms, definitions, and processes. Planet detection methods. Cosmic missions. Exoplanet properties and observations. Special and famous exoplanets. Interior (convection, degeneracy, equations of the structure). Formation and evolution, radii. Atmospheres (irradiation, stratospheres, heat redistribution, chemistry and composition, dust...). Brown dwarfs (definitions, observations, properties, spectral classification MLTY, formation, disks, interior, evolution, atmospheres).\n\nOutcome:\nStudent will obtain basic knowledge required for further study and work in the field. Particular attention is given to understanding of the terms, methods and processes that take place in exoplanets and brown dwarfs. Course offers overview of the field with the latest highlights and discoveries." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Cosmology"@en . . "6" . "- dynamics of the Universe\r\n\r\n- physical processes in the early Universe\r\n\r\n- anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation and the origin of galaxies\n\nOutcome:\nAfter completing the course, students will know the basic concepts and ideas of the standard model in cosmology and know how to determine the cosmological parameters from the data of observations on anisotropies of relic radiation." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Computers in astronomy (2)"@en . . "4" . "Solving astronomical problems on a computer: time measurement, coordinate systems, planetary motion, Kepler and perturbation ephemeris. Use of programming in C / C ++ and Linux OS.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will be able to solve simple astronomical problems on a computer, work with documentation, use existing libraries in their programs, work with Linux." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Population of meteoroids"@en . . "3" . "All-sky astrometric reduction. Radians, velocities, calculation of meteoroid orbits, databases. Selection effects, sources of errors. Origin, structure and development of meteoroid streams, general characteristics, effects on meteoroids. Orbital similarity criteria and methods of distinguishing showers from sporadic background. Shower activity and mass inflow to Earth. Main meteor showers, minor showers, associations. Meteor storms. Activity modeling and predictions. Parent bodies of meteoroid strams, meteor complexes. Meteor showers of aasteroidal orgin. Sporadic population and its sources. Zodiacal cloud. Spatial structure and physical characteristics of individual components of the population. Geological periods, impact craters.\n\nOutcome:\nThe student will gain knowledge about research methods, structure and origin of the meteoroid population." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Variable stars"@en . . "3" . "Definition of variability. Physical and geometrical variable stars. Pulsating and chemically peculiar stars. T Tauri stars Solar-type variability, pulsars. Binary stars (visual, spectroscopic, eclipsing, polarimetric). Roche model of close binary stars. Proximity effects in close binaries. Rossiter McLaughlin rotational effect. Mass loss and transfer. Secular effects (apsidal motion, circularization and synchronization of the orbit) Symbiotic stars. Cataclysmic variables. Supernovae. Mass accretion and accretion disks. Evolution of binary stars. Observational techniques of the stellar astronomy (photometry, spectroscopy, polarimetry, interferometry). Introduction to the photometric and spectroscopic data reduction. Time-series analysis, period analysis and the method of (O-C) diagrams.\n\nOutcome:\nGet acquainted with essential knowledge of variable stars classification and methods of their observations." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Computational methods in liquid dynamics"@en . . "4" . "Computer arithmetic, error propagation in calculations, interactive solution of nonlinear equations, interpolation, approximation of functions. Orthogonal Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials, discrete integral approximation, Newton-Cotes method, Gaussian integration. Determination of eigenvalues of selected matrices, diagonalization of matrices, compilation and solution of discrete forms of selected differential equations describing fluid dynamics, Initial value problem, nondimensional equation, solution of integral equations, issues of uniqueness, consistency, stability and thus convergence of the solution, Euler's method of solution diff. equations, Runge-Kutta methods, multistep methods, Predictor-corrector method. The topics are focused to solve problems in meteorology and climatology.\n\nOutcome:\nApplication of numerical procedures to solve meteorological and climatological problems." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "General relativity"@en . . "7" . "Description of gravity in general relativity (metric space-time tensor, equations of motion of matter in the gravitational field, Einstein's equations), applications of general relativity (post-Newtonian approximation, relativistic stars and black holes, gravitational waves, relativistic cosmological models)\n\nOutcome:\nAfter completing the course, students will know how the general theory of relativity is constructed and will be acquainted with its most important applications" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Astrophysics - state exams"@en . . "2" . "Blackbody radiation, Stefan-Boltzmann law, specific intensity, flux, K-integral, Absorption and emission coefficient, Source function, Transfer equation, Radiative equilibrium and Milne equations, Grey atmosphere, Continuum absorption coefficient, Model atmosphere, Line absorption, Behavior of spectral lines, Chemical analysis and the line transfer equation, Stellar rotation, Turbulence in stellar atmospheres. Sources of stellar energy, Time scales, Conservation laws, The equations of stellar evolution, Properties of matter and energy transport, Nuclear reactions, Nuclear reaction rates and Gamow peak, Equilibrium stellar configurations, The stability of stars (thermal instability in degenerate gas, thin shell instability, dynamic instability, convection), Stellar evolution in rho-T diagram, An evolution of the stellar core and a structure of the star, The pre-main-sequence phase in HR diagram, Stellar evolution on the main sequence, Evolution away from main-sequence in HR diagram, Final stages of stellar evolution.\n\nOutcome:\nThe students will proof the understanding of radiative transfer and the structure and evolution of stars." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Celestial mechanics - state exams"@en . . "2" . "Two-body problem. Central orbits. General integrals of motion. Conservation laws. Relationship\r\n\r\nbetween integral constants and orbital parameters. Kepler’s laws. Gauss’s constant, astronomical\r\n\r\nunit, masses of planets. Energy integral and limits of velocities. Elliptical, parabolic and hyperbolic motion. Solution of Kepler’s equation. Orbit in space. Types of orbits in the Solar system. Ephemeris calculation. Time series. Fundamentals of orbit determination.\r\n\r\nN-body problem. General integrals. Relative coordinates, concept of preturbations, disturbing function. Virial Theorem. General integrals of the n-body motion. Disturbing function. Perturbed orbits. Small impulses and the change of orbital elements. Lagrange's planetary equations, 1-st order solution. Introduction to resonances.\r\n\r\nRestricted three-body problem. Jacobi integral. Lagrangian equilibrium points, stable and unstable solution. Tisserand invariant. Gravitational spheres.\r\n\r\nNumerical solution of n-body problem, Cowell and Encke type.\r\n\r\nGravitational potential of a finite body. Perturbations in satellite motion.\n\nOutcome:\nThe students will proof the understanding of two and n body problem." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Interplanetary matter - state exams"@en . . "2" . "No Description, No Learning Outcome" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Solar physics - state exams"@en . . "2" . "Basic definitions and assumptions, basic physical facts about the Sun. Internal structure of the Sun, energy production, energy transfer by radiation and convection. The solar neutrinos problem. Helioseismology. Solar atmosphere. Photospheric radiation, radiative transfer in the photosphere, Fraunhofer spectral lines, photospheric structures. Chromosphere. Transition region and corona, optically thin radiation, solar flares, coronal mass ejections. Solar activity and its\n\ncycle, solar wind, solar-terrestrial connection, space weather. Magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere, measurements of the magnetic field strength, Stokes parameters. Solar dynamics,\n\ndifferential rotation and its description.\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will demonstrate knowledge and ability to physically describe the interior and atmosphere of the Sun." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Galactic and extra-galactic astronomy - state exams"@en . . "2" . "Galactic coordinates and proper motions in galactic coordinates; Solar motion, Local standard of rest (LSR); theory of galactic rotation; Oort’s equations and constants; rotation curve, dark matter; spiral structure of the Galaxy; galactic bar; stellar dynamics; regular and irregular forces in stellar systems; basic equation of stellar dynamics; characteristics of trajectories of stars; perturbations: epicyclic motion in the galactic plane and cyclic motion in a plane normal to the galactic plane; dark matter dynamics and generalized gravity, apparent distribution of stars, differential and integral function of brightness, luminosity function, interstellar absorption. Models of the Galaxy; Galactic structures: spiral arms, galactic warp and flare, stellar streams; resonances in the Galaxy; classification of galaxies, their structure, and properties; methods of determining galactic masses and distances; radial galactic velocities, redshift, and Hubble’s law; galactic gas; space distribution of galaxies, local group of galaxies, clusters of galaxies; basics of galactic evolution; galactic mergers and interaction with intergalactic gas; active galaxies, galactic nuclei, quasars.\n\nOutcome:\nThe students will gain and proof the overview and understanding of the-state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of galactic and extragalactic astronomy." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master of Astronomy and Astrophysics"@en . . "https://fmph.uniba.sk/en/admissions/masters-degree-programs/astronomy-and-astrophysics//" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The graduate of the second degree study program Astronomy and Astrophysics has mastered theoretical and physical methods and mathematical apparatus for solving complex problems in astronomy and astrophysics and related fields. The graduate will gain an overview of a wide range of theoretical and experimental methods of physics and their application in various fields of astronomy. The graduate will gain theoretical and methodological knowledge of the latest research fields and trends in astronomy and related sciences in Slovakia and abroad, corresponding to the current state of scientific knowledge.\n\nThe study of astronomy and astrophysics integrates several areas of physics. The graduate will acquire knowledge in the field of plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics, quantum mechanics, statistical physics, astrodynamics, and others. The graduate will be able to apply his knowledge and experience to related disciplines, can develop and use computer models of physical phenomena related to astrophysical processes, can use operate computer-controlled instruments such as telescopes and special systems for the detection of astronomical phenomena.\n\nWhile solving the diploma thesis, the graduate will master the principles of independent scientific work, will be able to formulate scientific problems, critically evaluate the obtained results, creatively apply the acquired knowledge and skills in solving new tasks, learn to present and defend the obtained results.\n\nThe graduate will be able to follow the latest scientific and research trends in their field, supplement and update their knowledge through lifelong learning. The graduate will be able to clarify and popularize scientific knowledge in his/her related fields to the general public at a comprehensible level. The study of this program creates preconditions for continuing in the third degree of study, especially in the study program Astronomy and Astrophysics.\n\nOutcome:\nThe master's degree study program Astronomy and Astrophysics follows up the bachelor's degree programs in physics. The program consists of a block of compulsory, compulsory-optional elective and optional courses. In the block of compulsory profile courses, the student acquires fundamental knowledge of theoretical astrophysics, which has an interdisciplinary character relevant in several areas of physics, including magnetohydrodynamics, quantum physics, thermodynamics and radiative transfer. Other courses are related with astrodynamics, Solar physics and the Solar System physics, kinematics and dynamics of galaxies. The study plan includes training in practical skills related to the work and use of astronomical instruments at the university astronomical observatory FMFI UK (AGO) in Modra. This applies to the courses of Laboratory Practice and Field Practice.\n\nIn the block of compulsory-optional courses, there are mainly courses extending the individual focus of expertise within the study program. The selection of compulsory-optional profile subjects is basically divided into two areas, astrophysics (Cosmic Electrodynamics and Spectroscopy in Astronomy) and astronomy (Planetary Cosmogony).\n\nOptional courses deepen specific knowledge according to interest and in the selected focus and allow students to choose courses directly related to the focus of their thesis."@en . . . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Both" . "no tuition, other costs may apply" . "not applicable"@en . "no tuition, other costs may apply" . "None" . "The study program Astronomy and Astrophysics is interdisciplinary, consists of several areas of physics, such as plasma physics, kinematics and dynamics (e.g. within the Solar System, galactic astronomy, gravity theory), quantum mechanics (e.g. spectroscopy), and also transcends into chemistry, geology (e.g. planetary physics, diverse meteorite research), biology (astrobiology), and mathematics (statistics, numerical methods, physical modeling). The acquired knowledge and skills form the basis for future scientific and pedagogical work in astronomy, but also in related fields (plasma physics, radiation, hydrodynamics, etc.) of small bodies of the Solar System, solar physics, stellar and galactic astronomy and astrophysics at the institutes of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, the Czech Academy of Sciences and universities in Slovakia and abroad. At the same time, our graduates gain practical skills in observing, controlling and operating complex instruments, such as telescopes, computerized mounts, automatic and robotic systems such as AMOS and others. In addition to improving scientific skills, these activities also develop programming skills and skills associated with extracting and processing large amounts of data.\n\nThe study program does not prepare graduates for regulated professions."@en . "no data" . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Slovak"@en . . "Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics"@en . .