. "Instrumentation-telescopes, Detectors, And Techniques"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Astronomical instrumentation"@en . . "8" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Geodetic instruments"@en . . "5" . "Acquiring knowledge about the physical basis of geodetic instruments and practical knowledge about the instrument for measuring angles, height differences, distances and position of the points and knowledge of the methods testing and control of geodetic instruments.\nUnderstand the role of geodesy, geoinformatics and spatial data in modern world, demonstrate competences in measuring systems, methods and technologies of measurement and spatial data collection.\nApply knowledge of mathematics and physics for the purpose of recognizing, formulating and solving of problems in the field of geodesy and geoinformatics.\nHandle geodetic instruments and appropriate measuring equipment properly, and perform geodetic measurements.\nSolve practical tasks in surveying, spatial data collection, real estate evaluation and management.\nKeep pace with and adopt new technological achievements in the field of surveying, geoinformation systems and services based on the position, and the changes in regulations, norms and standards. \n1. Define the terms: measurement, units of measurement, basic geodetic measurement variables.\n2. Explain concepts: accuracy, correctness, precision, error and deviation. \n3. Knowing the nature and properties of light in the context of the law of reflection (rejection) and refraction (fracture) light and explain the refractive index of light.\n4. Differentiate and explain the properties of mirrors, prisms, plane parallel plate, optical wedge, lens, telephoto lens and other optical elements and systems.\n5. Introduction to the structure of the eye as part of the optical system.\n6. Explain theodolite, level and devices for measuring length - division, purpose, structure, components,operating conditions, testing and rectification of the mistake that affect the measurement.\n7. Measure the angles, height difference and length by different methods and measurement procedures.\n8. Explain instruments for determining the position of points (coordinates) - division, purpose, structure, parts and errors that affect the determination of coordinates.\n9. Apply automate measurements and communication between the geodetic instruments and computers" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Research school in observational astronomy"@en . . "6" . "Experience the whole cycle from idea, through proposal preparation and writing up to actual observing, data reduction, data\nanalysis and report writing (this course).\nVisit one of the major (if not the major) international observatories of Europe.\nCome into contact with the technological part of modern observational\nastrophysics.\nTranslate the instrument characteristics into an observational experiment\nwhich is crafted to address the scientifc question you have developed.\nExperience that teamwork is also important in projects on observational astrophysics.\nWrite a scientific text on the experiment." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Practical work with geodetic instruments"@en . . "3" . "Adopting theoretical and practical knowledge and skills about geodetic instruments and geodetic measurement methods. The application of acquired knowledge and skills to testing the correctness of geodetic instruments and use in geodetic project assignments. \n Testing and user adjustment: alidade level, telescope level, circular level, optical plummet, laser plummet.\n- Testing on the optical collimator: collimation error, error of horizontal axis, error vertical axis, error of vertical collimation,\nmicrometer device of theodolite.\n- Testing: compensator of optical/digital level, micrometer device of precise levels.\n- Testing of the main conditions level.\n- Stake out the horizontal, vertical and slope plane with rotating laser level.\n- Testing the errors in the measurement of the distances of phase and impulse mode.\n- Testing on the optical collimator dual axis compensator of geodetic stations.\n- Testing the meteorological influences on the measurement of basic geodetic parameters.\n- Differentiate formats of digital records measurements in electronic geodetic instruments.\n- Carry out continuous flow of data from measurements with geodetic instruments to computer processing." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Observational techniques in astronomy"@en . . "6" . "To realise that observing electromagnetic radiation of celestial bodies is the basic concept to gain information on the cosmos\n- To identify an observational technique that suits best a given scientific question and\n- To be able to identify the best instrument at the observatories worldwide\n- To understand the physical and statistical bases for contemporary astronomical instrumentation, observation techniques and observational data processing\n- To be able to apply a first-order numerical simulation of an optical telescope system and perform a case study using one of the information restitution techniques commonly used in astronomy\n- To be able to quantify the observing time needed to obtain a given precision\n- To become familiar with the reduction of data obtained with the basic astronomical techniques (photometry, astrometry, spectroscopy)\n- To compute reliable errors of the measured physical quantities" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Astronomical telescopes and instruments"@en . . "6" . "This course will teach Astronomy and Physics master's students the foundations of modern optical instruments including advanced concepts in geometrical and physical optics, optical design, and instrumentation. The course is the cornerstone of the Astronomy and Instrumentation master's specialisation. For students who have NOT followed the Astronomy bachelor's course Astronomical Observing Techniques (AOT) it is mandatory to follow the AOT crash-course during the first week, as indicated in the Astronomy master schedules.\n\nThe following topics will be covered in lectures and exercises:\n\nFoundations of optics\nInterference, diffraction and Fourier optics\nGeometrical optics\nPolarization\nThin films and coatings\nOptical design\nTelescopes\nImagers\nClassical spectrographs\nAdvanced spectrographs\nInterferometers\nPolarimeters\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will be able to:\r\n\r\nUnderstand the principles of modern optical instruments in astronomy\r\nExplain the operations of state-of-the-art optical instruments\r\nDesign simple astronomical instruments" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Detection of light a"@en . . "3" . "Part a of this course is aimed at observational astronomers in general, to provide a solid knowledge basis on the generation of their observational data. Detectors are the crucial link between the astronomical target and the observer. Apart from the telescope, their performance is arguably the single most important component – and often weakest link – in the chain of observational optical devices. As astronomers are increasingly aiming at fainter targets, the quality and calibration of the detector systems have become increasingly important. Detector types that will be discussed include intrinsic and extrinsic photo-conductors, CCDs, BIB detectors, photodiodes, bolometers, and submillimeter- and millimeterwave heterodyne receivers. The course covers their physical principles and discusses performance aspects like linearity and dynamical range, spectral response, bandwidth, quantum efficiency and noise. In addition, this course covers practical aspects of general relevance to observational astronomers, including readout schemes, cosmetic quality of array detectors and the mitigation of artefacts.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Detection of light b"@en . . "3" . "Part b of this course covers recent detector technologies, such as:\n\nMicrowave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs)\nTransition edge sensors (TES)\nAvalanche photodiodes\nDetection of high energy photons\nQuantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP)\n\nThe emphasis of part b is on applications and technical realization. Since the lectures will be given by external guest lecturers, the topics covered in this course may change, depending on their availability.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "High contrast Imaging"@en . . "3" . "In this course you will learn how we detect faint structures next to bright stars, from exoplanets to circumstellar disks. The noise level in high contrast imaging is not set by the sky background but by the effects of diffraction in the telescope and science camera, summarised in a contrast curve that shows detection sensitivity as a function of angular separation from the central star. The relative contributions and characteristics of these noise sources are presented and discussed. We cover diffraction, quasi-static speckles and their time evolution, and the most recent developments in coronagraphs, and algorithms such as ADI, SDI, PDI, LOCI and PCA.\n\nThe course consists of a series of weekly lectures followed by a computer practicum class. The completion of the practicums will be part of the homework. There will be a take home exam at the end of the semester that will form part of the final grade.\n\nIn the course we cover:\n\nAstronomical sources of interest – exoplanets and exodisks\nA brief history of high contrast imaging\nThe Point Spread Function and its changes due to the atmosphere\nPoint source signal to noise and the contrast curve\nCoronagraphs: Lyot, band limited, pupil plane, focal plane\nAngular Differential Imaging, Spectral Differential Imaging\nDiversity and Algorithms: LOCI, PCA, optimized PCA\n\nOutcome:\nYou will gain an understanding of how to plan and take high contrast imaging data, how to interpret the attained sensitivity by generating contrast curves, and understand how several different algorithms are used and implemented to increase the sensitivity for faint point and extended sources.\r\n\r\nAfter completing this course, you will be able to:\r\n\r\nIdentify the data reduction techniques required to extract the astrophysical source\r\nWrite computer code and reuse code developed during the course\r\nDetermine the signal to noise of the resultant observations\r\nIdentify artifacts introduced by the algorithms and determine astrophysical signals" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Astronomical telescopes and instruments"@en . . "6" . "This course will teach Astronomy and Physics master's students the foundations of modern optical instruments including advanced concepts in geometrical and physical optics, optical design, and instrumentation. The course is the cornerstone of the Astronomy and Instrumentation master's specialisation. For students who have NOT followed the Astronomy bachelor's course Astronomical Observing Techniques (AOT) it is mandatory to follow the AOT crash-course during the first week, as indicated in the Astronomy master schedules.\r\n\r\nThe following topics will be covered in lectures and exercises:\r\n\r\nFoundations of optics\r\n\r\nInterference, diffraction and Fourier optics\r\n\r\nGeometrical optics\r\n\r\nPolarization\r\n\r\nThin films and coatings\r\n\r\nOptical design\r\n\r\nTelescopes\r\n\r\nImagers\r\n\r\nClassical spectrographs\r\n\r\nAdvanced spectrographs\r\n\r\nInterferometers\r\n\r\nPolarimeters\n\nOutcome:\nStudents will be able to:\r\n\r\nUnderstand the principles of modern optical instruments in astronomy\r\n\r\nExplain the operations of state-of-the-art optical instruments\r\n\r\nDesign simple astronomical instruments" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Detection of light a"@en . . "3" . "Part a of this course is aimed at observational astronomers in general, to provide a solid knowledge basis on the generation of their observational data. Detectors are the crucial link between the astronomical target and the observer. Apart from the telescope, their performance is arguably the single most important component – and often weakest link – in the chain of observational optical devices. As astronomers are increasingly aiming at fainter targets, the quality and calibration of the detector systems have become increasingly important. Detector types that will be discussed include intrinsic and extrinsic photo-conductors, CCDs, BIB detectors, photodiodes, bolometers, and submillimeter- and millimeterwave heterodyne receivers. The course covers their physical principles and discusses performance aspects like linearity and dynamical range, spectral response, bandwidth, quantum efficiency and noise. In addition, this course covers practical aspects of general relevance to observational astronomers, including readout schemes, cosmetic quality of array detectors and the mitigation of artefacts.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Detection of light b"@en . . "3" . "Part b of this course covers recent detector technologies, such as:\n\nMicrowave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs)\n\nTransition edge sensors (TES)\n\nAvalanche photodiodes\n\nDetection of high energy photons\n\nQuantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP)\n\nThe emphasis of part b is on applications and technical realization. Since the lectures will be given by external guest lecturers, the topics covered in this course may change, depending on their availability.\n\nOutcome: Not Provided" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "High contrast Imaging"@en . . "3" . "After this course you are ready to engage in scientific discussions that concern radio observations of astrophysical phenomena. You can compare how various radio telescopes and observing modes can be used optimally to investigate the astrophysical processes that generate long wavelength emission.\r\n\r\nAfter this course you can:\r\n\r\nWrite a clear, concise report describing a radio-interferometric data reduction and subsequent image analysis;\r\n\r\nDevelop a data reduction process from raw radio interferometric data to science-quality images;\r\n\r\nWrite an observing proposal for an appropriate radio telescope to answer a scientific question;\r\n\r\nAnalyse quantitatively how radio interferometric concepts affect a specific scientific result;\r\n\r\nExplain if and why certain radio image features are astrophysical or not;\r\n\r\nAnalyse to what extent signals are mutually coherent;\r\n\r\nIdentify common radio-astronomical data visualizations with their axis labels removed;\r\n\r\nIdentify the type of astrophysical object visualized in a figure;\r\n\r\nPerform basic Fourier-analyses, such as deriving a SINC function andqualitatively predicting the telescope’s response to a small collection of elementary shapes;\r\n\r\nDescribe (the function of) common components involved in a telescope’s signal processing;\n\nOutcome:\nYou will gain an understanding of how to plan and take high contrast imaging data, how to interpret the attained sensitivity by generating contrast curves, and understand how several different algorithms are used and implemented to increase the sensitivity for faint point and extended sources.\r\n\r\nAfter completing this course, you will be able to:\r\n\r\nIdentify the data reduction techniques required to extract the astrophysical source\r\n\r\nWrite computer code and reuse code developed during the course\r\n\r\nDetermine the signal to noise of the resultant observations\r\n\r\nIdentify artifacts introduced by the algorithms and determine astrophysical signals" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Astronomical instruments"@en . . "3" . "Instruments and techniques for the optical region: basic types of telescopes, optical aberrations, telescope mountings and control systems, atmospheric observational effects, active and adaptive optics, ground and space based telescopes. Detectors for optical, near infrared and ultraviolet regions: the eye, photovoltaic cells, photomultipliers, image intensifiers, CCD, CMOS, increasing of signal to noise ratio. Instruments for spectroscopy and polarimetry. Instruments and techniques for astronomical image processing: digitization, standard astronomical graphical formats, basic algorithms and image transforms in astronomy. Instruments for radioastronomy: detectors, receivers, radiotelescopes, radars. Instruments for solar physics: solar telescopes, narrow band filters, spectroheliograph, coronograph.\n\nOutcome:\nAfter completing the course, students will have knowledge of astronomical instruments and the possibility of their application in astronomical observations." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Project course: spacecraft and instrumentation 1"@en . . "7.5" . "The following contents reflect the whole project within both courses P7013R and P7015R. \r\nIntroduction to project work and evaluation of proposed space projects. Planning of the project. Preparation of\r\ndocuments for a Preliminary Design Review (PDR). Oral and written presentation of the Preliminary Design for clients\r\nof the project. Preparation of documents for a Critical Design Review (CDR). Oral and written presentation of the\r\nCritical Design for clients of the project. Definition and conduction of necessary testing. Realization of the project.\r\nAnalysis and presentation of final results and a Final Report (FR). \r\nDuring the course of the project, gender equality issues shall be considered\n\nOutcome:\nThe student should acquire experience in project work in spacecraft or spacecraft instrumentation or related fields.\r\nAfter the course, the student shall be able to: \r\n1. show the ability to apply knowledge acquired in previous courses to project work.\r\n2. Show understanding of project organization and project management. This shall be shown applying relevant \r\ntools such as time planning, resource utilization, project meetings, finances, reports and documentation of v\r\narious kinds. \r\n3. Assess the risks and issues that can occur in a project due to internal and external factors.\r\nThe student shall show an understanding of different roles, gender equality and gender issues within project\r\nimplementation and show insight into and ability to work in a group with heterogeneous composition." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Project course: spacecraft and instrumentation 2"@en . . "7.5" . "The following contents reflect the whole project within both courses P7013R and P7015R. \r\nIntroduction to project work and evaluation of proposed space projects. Planning of the project. Preparation of\r\ndocuments for a Preliminary Design Review (PDR). Oral and written presentation of the Preliminary Design for clients\r\nof the project. Preparation of documents for a Critical Design Review (CDR). Oral and written presentation of the\r\nCritical Design for clients of the project. Definition and conduction of necessary testing. Realization of the project.\r\nAnalysis and presentation of final results and a Final Report (FR). \r\nDuring the course of the project, gender equality issues shall be considered. \n\nOutcome:\nThe student should acquire experience in project work in spacecraft or spacecraft instrumentation or related fields.\r\nAfter the course, the student shall be able to:\r\n1. Show the ability to apply knowledge acquired in previous courses to project work. \r\n2. Show understanding of project organization and project management. This shall be shown applying relevant tools\r\nsuch as time planning, resource utilization, project meetings, finances, reports and documentation of various kinds. \r\n3. Assess the risks and issues that can occur in a project due to internal and external factors.\r\nThe student shall show an understanding of different roles, gender equality and gender issues within project\r\nimplementation and show insight into and ability to work in a group with heterogeneous composition." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Laboratory course on instrumentation"@en . . "no data" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nAfter the laboratory course the student will be able to:\n\nwork in a scientific laboratory environment taking into account strict safety rules such as caution for high-voltages, gases, chemicals, delicate instruments, and radiation safety,\nknow the physics of radiation detectors (introductory level),\nconstruct a gas-filled radiation detector starting from simple everyday materials such as aluminum beverage can and nuts and bolts,\noperate radiation detectors and data acquisition systems using typical laboratory equipment, such as source-meter-unit, radiation sources, gas piping, preamplifier, linear amplifier, multi-channel analyzer, and oscilloscope,\nwrite scientifically high quality laboratory reports.\nCONTENT\nLaboratory exercises will provide the students with hands-on & minds-on training about working in laboratory environment and about radiation detector technologies. The work will include gas detectors and detector read-out systems." . . "no data"@en . "FALSE" . . "Advanced course in observational astronomy I"@en . . "5" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nParticipants of the course will learn about preparation, conduction and data reduction of modern astronomical observations. They will participate in the forefront research projects on stellar evolution, galaxy evolution and cosmology and contribute to obtaining the new measurements.\n\nCONTENT\nThe students will be performing observations with Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and reduce the data they obtain. The course covers instrumentation, visibility studies, observational conditions and planning the observational run; Telescope control system; Preparation of the observing run: choosing exposures, filters, grisms for the science goals; Calibration observations; Target acquisition; Performance spectroscopic and imaging observations; Data reduction and visualization; Performing the scientific experiment: planing, conducting, adjusting, reporting. The students will be given a short introduction to the data reduction, with a full detail on data reduction being a subject of PAP308 course." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Advanced course in observational astronomy II"@en . . "5" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nAfter completing the course the students should be able to: (1) Identify and extract raw data together with the corresponding calibration frames from the ESO Science Archive that are relevant to the astrophysical science question being studied; (2) Reduce these data using a relevant pipeline provided by ESO (use e.g. high-resolution UVES and near-infrared ISAAC spectroscopic data as examples); (3) Carry out an analysis of complex spectroscopic data; (4) Carry out photometry in fully-reduced astronomical imaging observations including both relative photometry and absolute photometry with the full photometric calibration; (5) Carry out both absolute and relative astrometry in fully-reduced astronomical imaging observations; (6) Carry out automatic source detection, characterization and photometry in astronomical imaging observations; (7) Produce a written course report\n\nCONTENT\nThe course is organized in cooperation with the Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA). The course includes teaching in the form of lectures and supervised hands-on work on the data. The lectures cover the use of the ESO Science Archive and ESO data reductions pipelines (e.g. reduction and analysis of high-resolution optical spectroscopic and near-infrared spectroscopic data), the common methods for photometry and astrometry, automatic source extraction and characterization in astronomical images. The course presents the tools astronomers currently use to analyze large numbers of complex spectroscopic data in AGN (active galactic nuclei) and star-forming galaxies and how users can apply these tools for analysis to their own (potentially non-AGN/galaxy related) data. The course will also help students scale the sometimes daunting initial learning curve by connecting them with the tool's designers or expert users. The students are expected to work individually on their datasets and write-up their individual course reports at the end of the course." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Special course in observational astronomy"@en . . "5" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nThe students will learn how to reduce their data obtained in Advanced Observational Astronomy course I.\n\nThe students will learn the general principles of modern astronomical data reduction.\n\nCONTENT\nReduction of astronomical images and spectra using IRAF tasks. The course offers the required software skills to successfully perform the data reduction on the scientific projects of PAP306. Lectures cover the IRAF tasks that the students need to reduce the data from NOT, and provide training using example data" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Astronomical instrumentation 1-2"@en . . "4" . "Semester 1: Overview of astronomical databases. Observaional and pracical work, guided reading.\r\n\r\nTopics: Ideniicaion of objects in astronomy; Evoluion of notaion, naming and catalogizaion of stars and stellar like objects; Stellar catalogs, their contents and usage; Pariion of the sky, the role of the constellaions; Sky maps, sky atlases; SAO Atlas, Photographic surveys, Carte du Ciel, NGS-POSS, SDSS\r\n\r\nSemester 2: Introducion to observaional and data analysis techniques in astronomy. Basics of CCD technology and processing of the raw data from a CCD unit.\r\n\r\nTopics: Astronomical coordinate systems; Introducion to the Izsák telescope and CCD camera; Principles of CCD cameras, photo efect, charge coupling; Sources of noise in CCD images: dark current, pixel nonuniformity, shot noise," . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Observational astronomy 1-4"@en . . "8" . "Classicaion and characterisics of planetary bodies. Formaion of the Solar System. Formaion and evoluion of planets. Moon and Mercury. Venus. Earth as a planet. Mars. Gas giants. The Jovian system. Sytems of Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Small solar system bodies. Interplanetary dust.\nSemester 2: The Sun\nHistorical introducion. Standard solar model, solar neutrinos. Helioseismology. Solar rotaion. Instrumentaion for solar observing. Polarisaion of light and its applicaions in solar physics. The quiet photosphere. Chromosphere and corona. Acivity phenomena: sunspots, faculae, prominences, lares, CMEs. Acive regions and the solar acivity cycle. Basics of solar dynamo theory. Solar wind and the heliosphere.\nSemester 3: Special stars and objects\nStars with anomalous spectra: Ae/Be stars, C and S spectral types, Wolf-Rayet stars. Variable stars. Pulsaing variables. Erupive variables. Rotaing and cataclysmic variables változócsillagok. Binary stars. Supercompact variables X-ray binaries. Miniquasars, black hole candidates. Quasars and acive galacic nuclei.\nSemester 4: Remarkable individual objects\nMapping of the Milky Way Galaxy. Spiral arms. The galacic center. Remarkable objects in the Sagitarius and Carina arms. Remarkable objects in the Perseus ar, Crab nebula. Our cosmic neighbourhood, the Orion spur. The Orion star forming region. The nearest stars. Remarkable star clusters. Magellanic clouds. Local group. >>Virgo Supercluster. Remarkable objects beyond our supercluster." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Space instrumentation"@en . . "5" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Microwave earth observation instrumentation"@en . . "5" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Space instrumentation"@en . . "5" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Observational techniques in astronomy"@en . . "6" . "• Observatories and telescopes\r\n• CCD detectors\r\n• CCD calibration\r\n• Photometry\r\n• Astrometry\r\n• Spectroscopy\r\n• Introduction to radio astronomy\r\n• Interferometry\nFinal competences:\n1 Indicate the specific place of optical and radio astronomy within observational astronomy as a whole.\n2 Explain the most important characteristics and constraints on observatories, telescopes and detectors.\r\n3 Understand the fundaments behind photometry, spectroscopy and astrometry.\r\n4 Given an astrophysical question, select the most suitable observational technique and determine the instrumental requirements to investigate this question.\r\n5 Be familiar with the proposal writing process.\r\n6 Master the basic steps in the reduction of optical data using professional data reduction software." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Astronomical instrumentation"@en . . "6" . "The aim of the course is to provide a coherent and state-of-the-art account of instruments and techniques in use in astronomy and astrophysics. In a multiband approach, the course deals with structure of the instrumentation and criteria to evaluate and optimize their performances. It foresees a number of “external” contributions from specialists in specific areas. The course foresees as well visits to, and interactions with external laboratories. Thus, after getting common foundations, the students will be exposed to the most modern advances, in an area in continuous and fast evolution. On a side, students with specific interest in instrumentation will reach an effective starting point to be involved in instrumental projects, in scientific institutes or industries. On another side, students more interested in astrophysical results will reach a fair understanding of the observing processes which are the ground of the following developments. As a further, not minor aim, the course would contribute to reduce the present trend to enlarge the gap between “instrumentation” and “astrophysics”." . . "no data"@en . "FALSE" . . "geological instrumentation and analysis"@en . . "no data" . "no data" . . "no data"@en . "TRUE" . . "Spacecraft instrumentation systems"@en . . "10" . "To enable the student to design and verify complex Aero-space instrumentation systems. The course emphasizes standard design drivers such as quality, precision, longevity, robustness and industrial norms and standards. To enable conceptual verification, the students must realize critical parts of their designs in the laboratory. The theories, techniques and methods learned are common to aerospace, medico-techniques, military electronics, robotics etc." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Laboratory of instrumentation"@en . . "5" . "Not found" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Basic observational techniques"@en . . "6" . "Specific Competition\nCE1 - Understand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nCE2 - Understand the structure and evolution of stars\nCE7 - Know how to find solutions to specific astrophysical problems by themselves using specific bibliography with minimal supervision. Know how to function independently in a novel research project\nCE10 - Use current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and learn about its innovative technologies.\nGeneral Competencies\nCG1 - Know the advanced mathematical and numerical techniques that allow the application of Physics and Astrophysics to the solution of complex problems using simple models\nCG2 - Understand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and instrumentation design\nBasic skills\nCB6 - Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity to be original in the development and/or application of ideas, often in a research context\nCB7 - That students know how to apply the knowledge acquired and their ability to solve problems in new or little-known environments within broader contexts\nCB8 - That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments\nCB10 - That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous\nExclusive to the Specialty in Observation and Instrumentation\nCX7 - Apply the different techniques that allow us to obtain physical information about the Universe from the spectrum\nCX8 - Understand the structure and evolution of nebulae and other large objects\nCX9 - Understand advanced astrophysical instrumentation including cutting-edge telescopes and detectors and adaptive optics techniques\n6. Subject contents\nTheoretical and practical contents of the subject\n- Topics (headings):\n\n1. Photometry concepts: filters, detectors, photometric systems, atmospheric extinction correction and photometry calibration.\n\n2. Preparation of photometric observations with the IAC80 telescope of the Teide Observatory.\n\n3. Reduction of CCD photometric images with PyRAF.\n - Previous corrections.\n - Image alignment.\n \n4. Aperture photometry applied to CCD images of a star cluster." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Basic instrumentation"@en . . "6" . "Specific Competition\nCE10 - Use current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and learn about its innovative technologies.\nGeneral Competencies\nCG2 - Understand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and instrumentation design\nBasic skills\nCB6 - Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity to be original in the development and/or application of ideas, often in a research context\nCB7 - That students know how to apply the knowledge acquired and their ability to solve problems in new or little-known environments within broader contexts\nCB8 - That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments\nCB10 - That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous\n6. Subject contents\nTheoretical and practical contents of the subject\n- Professor: Ramón J. García López\n\n- Topics (headings):\n\n1. Introduction\nAstrophysics as an observational science – Organization and program of the subject\nEvaluation criteria\nBibliography\n2. Telescopes\n Introduction to telescopes\nGeometric optics for telescopes\nAberrations in centered systems\nDiffraction theory of image formation\nMost used telescope and mount designs\n3. Measurement of the signal in Astrophysics\nGeneralities\nDetectors with a single element of spatial resolution\ntwo-dimensional detectors\ninfrared detectors\n4. Photometry\nGeneralities\nphotoelectric photometry\nFilters\nobservational techniques\nphotometric systems\nCCD photometry\n5. Spectroscopy\nGeneralities\ndispersive elements\nDiffraction grating spectrographs" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Advanced instrumentation"@en . . "6" . "Specific Competition\nCE1 - Understand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nCE10 - Use current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and learn about its innovative technologies.\nGeneral Competencies\nCG1 - Know the advanced mathematical and numerical techniques that allow the application of Physics and Astrophysics to the solution of complex problems using simple models\nCG2 - Understand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and instrumentation design\nBasic skills\nCB6 - Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity to be original in the development and/or application of ideas, often in a research context\nCB7 - That students know how to apply the knowledge acquired and their ability to solve problems in new or little-known environments within broader contexts\nCB8 - That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments\nCB10 - That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous\nExclusive to the Specialty in Observation and Instrumentation\nCX9 - Understand advanced astrophysical instrumentation including cutting-edge telescopes and detectors and adaptive optics techniques\n6. Subject contents\nTheoretical and practical contents of the subject\n- Topics (headings):\n\n1. General concepts (image formation and interference).\n* Elements of an optical system: pupils and diaphragms; aberrations: concept and correction\n* Basis of the theory of image formation: pupil function and transmission function\n* Interference: amplitude and frequency modulation\n* Black body\n\n2. The atmosphere in the measurement of the signal.\n* Atmospheric emission and absorption\n* Diffusion (scattering)\n* Atmospheric dispersion models\n* Seeing: characteristics; modeling: Fried parameter\n\n3. Imaging through a turbulent medium\n* Wavefront; wavefront error; Zernike polynomials\n* The atmosphere as a turbulent medium: turbulence in clear air; Reynolds number; Kolmogorov theory: scale length\n\n4. Interferometry.\n* Principles of interferometry. Spatial resolution. ldo selection.\n* Interference filters\n* Etalons\n* Instrumental examples\n\n5. Image correction: adaptive optics (AO) and post-facto methods\n* Principles of OA\n* AO and MCAO\n* Instrumental examples\n* Post-facto methods: speckle photometry, lucky imaging\n\n6. Spectroscopy integral and multi-object field measurement\n* Concept and development\n* Instrumental examples\n\n7. Polarimetry.\n* Concept\n* Scientific applications and observational limitations\n* Instrumental examples\n8. Cryogenics.\n\n* Why cool instruments\n* Cryostat\n* Insulation\n* Radiation shield\n* Types of chillers (closed cycle, liquid nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, etc.)\n* Optomechanics\n\n9. Detectors.\n* Photographic plates\n* Photomultipliers\n* Photoelectric effect: materials\n* Integration amplifiers\n* CCDs\n* IR detector mosaics\n* Bolometers. STJ\n* Signal to noise ratio: concept and determination\n\n10. Radio astronomy.\n 1. Radio telescopes.\n ⁃ General diagram of a radio telescope.\n ⁃ Dipole type antennas. Hertz dipole. Dipole arrays. Examples.\n ⁃ Single antenna telescopes. Types of frames. Types of optical designs. Parabolic reflectors, lighting and reception patterns. Aperture efficiency, roughness and Ruze equation. Horns and waveguides. Examples of single antenna telescopes, and designs.\n ⁃ Radio interferometry. Complex visibility. Opening synthesis. Dirty and clean maps. Applications. Examples of interferometers.\n 2. Receivers.\n ⁃ Coherent receivers. noise temperature. Quantum limit. White noise and 1/f. amplifiers. Gain fluctuations. Super-heterodyne receiver. Dicke receiver. Focal Plane Arrays.\n ⁃ Thermal receivers, bolometers. Bolometer equation. Responsivity, conductance, time constant. NEP, Johnson noise, phononic noise and photon noise.\n ⁃ Kinetic inductance receivers.\n\n11. Instrumental projects\n* Generalities\n* User requirements and specifications: optics, mechanics, electronics and software\n* Scientific projects directors\n* Management scheme" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Space instrumentation"@en . . "4.00" . "Course Contents The aim of this course is to provide students with an understanding of instrumentation and its role in observational strategies for\nmissions. The course will explore the main observables of the universe and how they are measured in space. For each of the\nobservables, the course will provide: i) The physical context of the observables and how they are generated, ii) The physics of\nthe measure, iii) A review and explanation of the existing and under development space instruments, iv) The missions related to\nthese observables. The course will be divided into three main parts:\n- The Fundamentals of Instrumentation\n- Remote sensing space Instrumentation\n- In-situ space Instrumentation.\nStudy Goals This course aims to familiarize students with the wide range of space instrumentation and observables. By the end of the course,\nstudents will be able to:\n- Understand and describe the relationships between instruments, missions, and observation strategies\n- Identify and explain the physical observables that space instruments measure, including light, ions, magnetic and electric fields,\netc and related phenomena\n- Distinguish between the different types of space instruments, and explain how they are designed and constructed\n- Derive instrument requirements from scientific questions\n- Perform preliminary analysis and use the key driver parameters to size space instruments.\nOverall, this course will equip students with a comprehensive understanding of space instrumentation, enabling them to dive into\nspace observables diversity and the complex processes involved in their measurement." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Space sensors and instruments"@en . . "6.00" . "Learning Outcomes\nThe module introduces students to the concept of remote sensing including the relevant technologies and provides insights into image\nprocessing and its applications. The topic connects the technologies and physical principles on the payload-side with the processing and\nuse of satellite data on the application-side. The knowledge and skills gained in this module are relevant for students with a career interest\nin developing remote sensing payloads, analyzing satellite data, and systems engineering.\nAfter successful completion of this module, students will be able to\n- describe the basic principles of remote sensing,\n- summarize radiometric and photometric terms in remote sensing,\n- identify the components and sample circuits of sensor electronics,\n- explain different sampling concepts of optical sensors,\n- describe aberrations of optical systems,\n- name different types of lenses, telescopes, and filters,\n- describe the working principles of different sensor types across the electromagnetic spectrum,\n- describe data processing levels and calibration types,\n- research and analyze relevant publications in any subtopic of remote sensing,\n- apply data processing algorithms to satellite data,\n- develop own algorithms to classify imagery/features,\n- document code and research results in a journal-type report,\n- manage interactions with people in an interdisciplinary and international team,\n- present their work professionally within a project review.\nContent\nThe module covers the basics of remote sensing with spacecraft. After covering the system-theoretical and electronic fundamentals, space\nsensors for gamma rays, X-rays, Ultra-Violet and visible light, for infrared and far-infrared radiation, and for microwaves are discussed.\nCalibration and ground data processing are elaborated finally.\n- Introduction to Earth observation\n- Electromagnetic waves\n- Earth observation system theory\n- Sensor electronics\n- Gama-ray sensors\n- UV and optical space sensor systems\n- Infrared sensor systems\n- Microwave sensor systems\n- Sensor data processing\n- Sensor calibration" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Observational astronomy I"@en . . "5,0" . "Description in Bulgarian" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Observational astronomy II"@en . . "6,0" . "Description in Bulgarian" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Reflectance spectroscopy of asteroids"@en . . "6.0" . "https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=509345" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Measurement techniques and instrumentation"@en . . "6.0" . "https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=509348" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Telescopes and detectors for spatial sciences"@en . . "6.0" . "https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=507035" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Instruments for space exploration"@en . . "6.0" . "The objective of the course is to provide a comprehensive understanding of scientific and navigation payloads of a spacecraft and its accommodation onboard the spacecraft. The course offers the students the possibility to develop the necessary skills to understand the challenges of instrument design starting from high level performance requirements to low level implementation requirements.\nThe first part of the course focuses on technical aspects, starting from payload design to its final accommodation inside the spacecraft. These technical aspects include: scope and requirements of an instrument; power and data interfaces with the spacecraft; mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic compatibility with other onboard instrumentation in a given environment; instrument mass, volume, and power consumption and their impacts on the spacecraft design. This module tackles the main design phases and reviews of an instrument and the test campaign before being integrated in the spacecraft. This module also covers the challenges of adapting an instrument to work in different mission scenarios. As an example, the selection of the launcher plays an important role in determining the vibration environment of the instruments inside a craft, or radiation tolerances can significantly vary depending on the mission profile.\nThe second part of the course focuses on the analysis of payloads and their main characteristics and purposes. A set of selected instruments will be analyzed using the underlying design choices and challenges that engineers must face. The student will be familiarized with these challenges during the first part of the course. Technical features and requirements of the instrument will be compared with the measurement performances and needs based on real world examples. The payloads that will be analyzed include (may change yearly): laser altimeter, radio transponder, spectrometer, radar, camera, accelerometer, magnetometer, particle analyzer, and laser reflectors. The scientific measurements and information that they can provide are analyzed independently for each instrument, highlighting their synergies. As an example, the laser altimeter data can be combined with radio tracking data to measure physical and gravity tide of celestial bodies, thus helping us to infer internal structure of those body.\nThe theoretical background that the students developed during bachelor’s and master’s degree is applied in a specific topic allowing the student to understand the challenges of realizing space qualified instruments.\nAt the end of the course, the student will acquire the following skills:\n\n1) Understanding of the interfaces (mechanical, electrical, thermal) between the instrument and the spacecraft;\n2) Understanding the instrument requirements and its impact on the spacecraft design;\n3) Assessing the impact on the instrument design of the operational environment;\n4) Capability to write clear requisites for the spacecraft system engineers;\n5) Understanding the functions and goals of the instrument in the context of the mission and the usage from the data user.\n6) Acquire knowledge on some of the most widely employed instruments in space exploration." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Instrumentation, data analysis and machine learning"@en . . "6.0" . "Learning objectives\n\nReferring to knowledge \n\nUnderstand the mechanisms, techniques and characteristic parameters of particle accelerators\nLearn the working principles of modern detection instruments\nUnderstand the requirements and considerations that determine the design of a modern particle physics or astrophysics experiment\nUnderstand the techniques for the reconstruction of particle physics and astrophysical data\nApplication of machine learning and data analysis techniques to particle physics and astrophysics data \n\nTeaching blocks\n\n \n\n1. Requirements of particle physics experiments\n1.1. Particle production and detection\n\n1.2. Measurements and observables\n\n2. Requirements of astrophysical observations\n2.1. Radiative processes in astrophysics\n\n2.2. Astroparticles: cosmic rays, neutrinos, solar/stellar winds\n\n3. Particle accelerators\n3.1. Types of accelerators\n\n3.2. Acceleration techniques\n\n4. Detection techniques\n4.1. Scintillators\n\n4.2. Tracking with gas and solid detectors\n\n4.3. Silicon detectors\n\n4.4. Calorimetry\n\n4.5. Cherenkov radiation detectors\n\n5. Design of high energy physics experiments\n5.1. Physics program and main characteristics\n\n5.2. Trajectory and momentum measurement\n\n5.3. Energy measurement\n\n5.4. Particle identification\n\n6. Data acquisition and processing\n6.1. Trigger and data acquisition systems\n\n6.2. Calibration techniques\n\n6.3. Reconstruction methods\n\n6.4. Offline data storage and processing\n\n7. Astrophysical instrumentation\n7.1. Optical and radio telescopes\n\n7.2. X-ray and Gamma-ray telescopes\n\n7.3. Cosmic-rays, Neutrino and Gravitational-Wave detectors\n\n8. Astrophysical observation techniques\n8.1. The effect of the atmosphere in astronomical observations\n\n8.2. Site testing and characterisation\n\n8.3. Adaptive and active optics in optical telescopes\n\n8.4. Detectors: concepts and characterisation\n\n9. Practical exercises\n9.1. Data analysis: machine learning and fitting techniques; hands-on sessions\n\n9.2. Measurement of the ALBA synchrotron beam emittance\n\n9.3. Measurement of the muon lifetime\n\n9.4. Astrophysical observation at Parc Astronòmic del Montsec\n\n9.5. [OPTIONAL] Astrophysical proposal and observation at Calar Alto Astronomical Observatory\n\n9.6. Data analysis: cloud computing hands-on sessions\n\n9.7. Data analysis: X-rays using Chandra data; hands-on sessions\n\n9.8. Data analysis: High-Energy gamma-rays using Fermi-LAT data; hands-on sessions\n\n9.9. Data analysis: Very High Energy gamma-rays using CTA/Monte Carlo simulations and publicly available H.E.S.S. data; hands-on sessions\n\n \n\n \n\nOfficial assessment of learning outcomes\n\n \n\nGrading is based on the assessment of the reports submitted for the computer, lab and field exercises, and the supervised project report and presentation.\n\n \n\nExamination-based assessment\n\nStudents have to submit the assignments following the instructions from the lecturers. Once the assignments have been assessed, students take an oral exam on their contents. If this exam is successfully passed, the final grade is calculated from the marks of the assignments; otherwise, the subject is graded as failed.\n\n \n\n \n\nReading and study resources\n\nCheck availability in Cercabib\n\nBook\n\nFernow, Richard, Introduction to experimental particle physics, Cambridge University Press cop. 1986\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/18sfiok/alma991003985719706708 Enllaç\n\nCahn, Robert N, The experimental foundations of particle physics, Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press 2009\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/18sfiok/alma991004398829706708 Enllaç\n\nLeonardo Rossi et al., Pixel detectors : from fundamentals to applications, Berlin [etc.] : Springer, cop. 2006\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/discovery/search?vid=34CSUC_UB:VU1&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&query=any,contains,b2181103* Enllaç\n\n“Radiative Processes in Astrophysics”, Rybicki, G. B. and Lightman, A. P., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 1985\nISBN: 9780471827597\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/13d0big/alma991008156709706708 Enllaç\n\n“Radiation Detection and Measurement”, Glenn F. Knoll, Wiley, 2010 (4th ed)\nISBN: 978-0-470-13148-0\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/13d0big/alma991004686189706708 Enllaç\n\n“Astrophysical Techniques”, C.R. Kitchin, CRC Press, 2021 (7th ed)\nISBN: 9781138591202\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/13d0big/alma991008045649706708 Enllaç\n\n“Very high energy cosmic gamma radiation : a crucial window on the extreme Universe”, F. A. Aharonian, World Scientific Publishing, 2004\nISBN: 978-9810245733\n\nhttps://cercabib.ub.edu/permalink/34CSUC_UB/13d0big/alma991009280089706708 Enllaç\n\n“Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics”, C. Bambi & A. Santangelo, Springer Nature Singapore, 2023, ISBN: 9789811969591\n\n\n“Particles and Astrophysics: A Multi-Messenger Approach”, M. Spurio, Springer Link, 2017\nISBN: 978-3-319-34539-0\n\n\n\"Fundamentos de fotometría astronómica\", Galadí-Enríquez, D., Marcombo, 2018. ISBN: 978-84-267-2576-9\n\n\n\"De la Tierra al Universo\", Galadí-Enríquez, D., Gutiérrez Cabello, J., AKAL, 2022. ISBN: 9788446051459 \n\n\nWeb page\n\nR.L. Workman et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022)\n\nMore information at: http://grad.ub.edu/grad3/plae/AccesInformePDInfes?curs=2023&assig=575606&ens=M0D0B&recurs=pladocent&n2=1&idioma=ENG" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Astronomical instruments"@en . . "7" . "no data" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" .