. "Optics"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Computational light scattering"@en . . "5" . "LEARNING OUTCOMES\nThe course Electromagnetic Scattering I offers an introduction and theoretical foundation for elastic electromagnetic scattering by arbitrary objects (usually called particles). As compared to the wavelength, the sizes of the objects can be small or large, or of the order of the wavelength. As to the shape of the objects, main emphasis is on spherical particles and, subsequently, on the so-called Mie scattering. The optical properties of the objects are typically described by the refractive index.\n\nCONTENT\nComputational light scattering assesses elastic light scattering (electromagnetic scattering) by particles of arbitrary sizes, shapes, and optical properties. Particular attention is paid to advanced computational methods for both single and multiple scattering, that is, to methods for isolated particles and extended media of particles (cf. dust particles in cometary comae and particulate media on asteroids). Theoretical foundations are described for the physics of light scattering based on the Maxwell equations and for a number of computational methods. In single scattering, the methods include, for example, the volume integral equation, discrete-dipole approximation, T-matrix or transition matrix, and finite-difference time-domain methods. In multiple scattering, the methods are typically based on Monte Carlo ray tracing. These include far-field radiative transfer and coherent backscattering methods and their extensions incorporating full-wave interactions. Students are engaged in developing numerical methods for specific scattering problems. The development and computations take place in both laptop and supercomputing environments." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master's programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences"@en . . "https://www.helsinki.fi/en/degree-programmes/particle-physics-and-astrophysical-sciences-masters-programme" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "What are the laws of nature governing the universe from elementary particles to the development of the solar system, stars, and galaxies? In the Master’s Programme in Particle Physics and Astrophysical Sciences, you will focus on gaining a quantitative understanding of these phenomena.\n\nWith the expertise in basic research that you will gain in the programme, you might pursue a career in research. You will also acquire proficiency in the use of mathematical methods, IT tools and/or experimental equipment, as well as strong problem-solving and logical deduction skills. These will qualify you for a wide range of positions in the private sector.\n\nAfter completing the programme, you will:\n\n-Have wide-ranging knowledge of particle physical and/or astrophysical phenomena.\n-Have good analytical and computational skills and the ability to make sophisticated deductions.\n-Be able to apply theoretical, computational and/or experimental methods to the analysis and understanding of various phenomena.\n-Be able to apply your knowledge of particle physical and astrophysical phenomena as well as identify their interconnections.\n-Be able to formulate hypotheses and test them based your knowledge"@en . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "no tuition, other costs may apply" . "Euro"@en . "15000.00" . "None" . "A Master’s degree in elementary particle physics or astrophysical sciences provides you with excellent qualifications for postgraduate education in research or for a career in diverse positions both in Finland and abroad. As a Master’s graduate you could begin a career in research and development in industry as well as in universities and other research institutes that enable you to conduct independent research on a topic that interests you."@en . "2"^^ . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .