. "Radio astronomy"@en . . "6" . "Specific Competition\nCE1 - Understand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nCE2 - Understand the structure and evolution of stars\nCE9 - Understand the instrumentation used to observe the Universe in the different frequency ranges\nGeneral Competencies\nCG2 - Understand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and instrumentation design\nCG4 - Evaluate the orders of magnitude and develop a clear perception of physically different situations that show analogies allowing the use, to new problems, of synergies and known solutions\nBasic skills\nCB6 - Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity to be original in the development and/or application of ideas, often in a research context\nCB7 - That students know how to apply the knowledge acquired and their ability to solve problems in new or little-known environments within broader contexts\nCB8 - That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments\nCB10 - That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous\nExclusive to the Specialty in Observation and Instrumentation\nCX11 - Understand the techniques used by radio astronomy\n6. Subject contents\nTheoretical and practical contents of the subject\nIntroduction and basic concepts (6 hours)\nHistorical perspective. Main discoveries.\nThe atmospheric window of radio waves. Main astrophysical processes of radio emission.\nBasic definitions. Specific intensity. Flux density. Total intensity. Total flow. Spectral luminosity. bolometric luminosity.\nBlack body emission. Planck's Law. RJ approach. Brightness temperature.\nRadiative transport equation.\nAtmospheric absorption and emission.\nRadio telescopes and radiometers (8 hours)\nGeneral design of a radio telescope. Mount, optics, front-end, back-end.\nReception diagram. Main lobe, lateral lobes. Angular resolution. Antenna solid angle, main lobe, and beam efficiency.\nReciprocity theorem.\nGain and directivity. Effective opening and opening efficiency.\nAntenna temperature and system temperature. Flow measured by the antenna. Antenna sensitivity.\nDissipated noise in a radiometer. White noise and 1/f noise. Gain fluctuations. Nyquist's theorem. noise temperature.\nEquation of the ideal radiometer. Real radiometer equation. Sensitivity and signal to noise.\nBroadcasting processes in the radio-continuum (8 hours)\nBlackbody thermal emission. Equilibrium temperature. Astrophysical applications: radio emission of the calm Sun, planets, Moon.\nPseudothermal emission from interstellar dust.\nFree-free issue. Emission produced by an accelerated charge (Larmor equation). Optically thin and optically thick regime. Astrophysical applications: H II regions.\nSynchrotron emission. Total power emitted. Spectrum. Astrophysical applications: supernova remnants.\nCosmic Microwave Background. Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in galaxy clusters.\nOther general astrophysics applications. Streaming from our galaxy. Global galaxy emission. Population from extragalactic sources.\nSpectral lines (8 hours)\nRadiative transport in lines. Einstein coefficients. Excitation temperature.\nAtomic lines. 21cm line of the H I. Recombination lines in radius. Astrophysical applications: rotation curves, interactions, reionization tomography, line intensity mapping , determination of relative abundances.\nMolecular lines. Issuance processes. CO and isotopes line. H2, H2O and other molecular lines. Astrophysical applications: study of molecular clouds, mapping of the Milky Way with H2 and CO." . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Other Astronomy Kas"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Master in Astrophysics"@en . . "https://www.ull.es/en/masters/astrophysics/" . "90"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The exceptional atmospheric conditions for top-quality astronomic observation to be found in the Canary Islands, together with its geographic proximity and excellent connections with Europe, justify the presence here of the European Northern Hemisphere Observatory (ENO). This fact, along with the consequent concentration of teachers and researchers around the Canary Island Institute of Astrophysics, the ULL Department of Astrophysics and the Observatories, generates the ideal atmosphere for a Master in Astrophysics in which direct contact with leading professionals represents exceptional value added. The Master has been designed based on an ample and rigorous choice of subjects, options and itineraries that that take the form of three specialities: “Theory and Computing Speciality”, “Observation and Instrumentation Speciality” and “Material Structure”\n\nGeneral skills\nKnow the advanced mathematical and numerical techniques that allow Physics and Astrophysics to be applied to solving complex problems using simple models\nUnderstand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and the design of instrumentation\nAnalyse a problem, study the possible solutions published and propose new solutions or lines of attack\nAssess orders of magnitude and develop a clear perception of physically different situations that show analogies allowing the use of synergies and known solutions for new problems\nSpecific skills\nUnderstand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nUnderstand the structure and evolution of the stars\nUnderstand the mechanisms of nucleosynthesis\nUnderstand the structure and evolution of galaxies\nUnderstand the models of the origin and evolution of the Universe\nUnderstand the structure of matter to be able to solve problems related to the interaction between matter and radiation in different energy ranges\nKnow how to find solutions to specific astrophysical problems on your own, using specific bibliography with minimum supervision\nKnow how to work independently on new research projects\nKnow how to programme, at least in one important language for scientific calculation in Astrophysics\nUnderstand the instrumentation used to observe the universe in the different frequency ranges\nUse current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and have a command of their innovative technologies\nKnow how to use current astrophysical instrumentation (both in terrestrial and space observatories), especially the instrumentation that uses the most innovative technology and know the foundations of the technology used\nApply the knowledge acquired to undertake an original research work in Astrophysics"@en . . . "1.5"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "Not informative" . "no data"@en . "Not informative" . "None" . "no data"@en . "no data" . "FALSE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .