. "Astrophysics"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The sun and the heliosphere"@en . . "6.0" . "### Teaching language\n\nEnglish\n\n### Objectives\n\nCourse that presents the main phenomena of solar activity, introduces magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) for the description of plasmas in astrophysics and provides some examples of its application to the Sun. Describes the heliosphere and presents some models for its description. Introduces and explores the concept of space weather.\n\n### Learning outcomes and competences\n\n1- To distinguish between the active and the quiet sun and to identify the main solar active phenomena associated with its magnetic field\n\n2- To use magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) as a theory to describe the behaviour of plasmas in the presence of magnetic fields\n\n3- To obtain MHD solutions for static fields and for waves in plasmas\n\n4- To use MHD in order to model the equilibrium in arcades/prominences, the energy release in solar flares via magnetic reconnection, the heating of the solar corona and the acceleration of the solar wind\n\n5- To describe the heliosphere and its main properties recognize its importance for the space weather\n\n### Working method\n\nPresencial\n\n### Program\n\n1\\. The Sun \n\\- Observations of the Sun. Solar activity. \n\\- Photosphere, transition region, chromosphere and corona. \n\\- Structure and configuration of the solar magnetic field \n \n2. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) description \n\\- Properties and fundamental equations \n\\- Equilibrium solutions \n\\- Waves in MHD \n \n3. Applications of MHD to the Sun \n\\- Equilibrium models for sunspots, arcades and prominences \n\\- Magnetic reconnection and solar flares. \n\\- Models for heating the solar corona. \n\\- The solar wind. models \n \n4\\. The heliosphere. \n\\- Origin and exploration \n\\- The global magnetic field of the heliosphere \n\\- Space weather \n\n### Mandatory literature\n\nEric Priest; Magnetohydrodynamics of the Sun, Cambridge University Press, 2014. ISBN: 0521854717 \nE. R. Priest; Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, Reidel Publishing Company, 2000. ISBN: 9027721386 \n\n### Complementary Bibliography\n\nAndre´ Balogh, Louis J. Lanzerotti, Steven T. Suess; The Heliosphere through the Solar Activity Cycle, Springer, 2008. ISBN: 978-3-540-74301-9 \nF. Shu; The Physics of Astrophysics. Volume 2: Gas Dynamicss, University Science Book, 1992. ISBN: 0935702652 \nL. Golub, Jay M. Pasachoff; The solar corona, Cambridge University Press, 1997. ISBN: 0521485355 \nMari Paz Miralles, Jorge Sánchez Almeida; The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere, Springer, 2011. ISBN: 978-90-481-9786-6 \nH. Zirin; Astrophysics of the Sun, Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN: 0521316073 \nMarkus J Aschwanden; Physics of the Solar Corona. An Introduction with Problems and Solutions, Springer, 2005. ISBN: 3-540-30765-6 \n\n### Teaching methods and learning activities\n\nExpository method intercalated by problem solving. Some problems will be given to students in order to be solved in classes or at home. \n \nPresentation of an article in a short talk and report, from a list provided at the beginning of the semester\n\n### keywords\n\nPhysical sciences > Astronomy > Astrophysics \n\n### Evaluation Type\n\nDistributed evaluation with final exam\n\n### Assessment Components\n\nexam: 75,00\nWritten assignment: 25,00%\n\n**Total:**: 100,00% \n\n### Amount of time allocated to each course unit\n\nAutonomous study: 120,00 hours\nFrequency of lectures: 42,00 hours\n\n**Total:**: 162,00 hours\n\n### Eligibility for exams\n\nThe student has frequency to the course if he/she misses no more than 1/4 of the planned theoretical-practical classes (TP's).\n\n### Calculation formula of final grade\n\nDistributed evaluation:\n\nFinal Mark = 25% of Mark of the Mini Test + 25% of Mark of the Talk presenting the paper and its critical analysis + 50% of Mark of the Test (to take place in 1st exam season). \n \nMinimum mark in Test: 7/20. \n \nThe Final Mark will be the mark of the normal (1st) season.\n\nIf the student has not passed, he can use the 2nd season exam for this purpose. In this case, the exam will be used as an alternative to the mini test and test components, corresponding only to 75% of the final grade. \n \nThe students with a special status, namely working-students will be subject to an evaluation equal to the remaining students. \n\n### Classification improvement\n\nIt is not allowed to improved grades on the Report/Talk presenting the paper. An improvement in the components of the Mini Test and Test is possible through an exam which counts only for 75% of the final grade.\n\nMore information at: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=508145" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in Astronomy and Astrophysics"@en . . "https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_view?pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_origem=cur&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_curso_id=871" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The main objective of the Master of Astronomy is to complement and extend the training of graduate students in astronomy, physics, mathematics and related fields. In particular, in order to improve their preparation for a research career in Astronomy, through their subsequent enrolment in a Doctoral Programme in Astronomy.\n\n### Admissions Requirements\n\nApplicants to the Second Cycle (Master) in Astronomy must hold a First Cycle (Bachelor) degree (minimum of 180 ECTS credits) or equivalent (including higher education foreign degrees), whose curriculum includes at least 30 ECTS credits, or equivalent, in Mathematics and Physics, including a minimum of 12 ECTS credits in each of these scientific areas. Candidates that may verify these conditions before the end of the registration period in the Master in Astronomy can also apply. Holders of an academic, scientific or professional curriculum that is recognised as attesting the capacity to successfully complete this cycle of studies by the Scientific Committee of the Master in Astronomy may also be admitted. \n\n### Criteria for Selection and Ranking\n\nThe ranking will be done according to the following criteria and sub-criteria:\n\n* 1.1 - Academic curriculum (training area and average grade) (80%)\n * 1.1.1 - Subcriterion 1: training area (40%)\n * 1.1.2 - Subcriterion 2: average and adequacy of the degree (40%)\n* 1.2 - Scientific curriculum and professional experience (20%)\n * 1.2.1 - Subcriterion 1: technical and/or scientific publications and communications (10%)\n * 1.2.2 - Subcriterion 2: participation in research projects, internships in the area of the cycle of studies or other relevant professional experience (10%)\n\n \nNote: Candidates who do not yet hold a Bachelor's degree and/or have an academic, scientific or professional curriculum which is recognized as attesting the capacity to carry out this cycle of studies by the statutory competent scientific body, will be ranked according to the criteria and subcriteria indicated above, with the difference that the final average mark of the degree will be replaced by the weighted average mark of all curricular units completed to date. \n \n**Candidates' tiebreaker criterion:** greater number of ECTS credits obtained in the area of the cycle of studies.\n\n### Teaching Language\n\n* Fully in English\n\n### Information\n\nIt is highly desirable that candidates possess programming skills and a good written and oral command of the English language.\n\n### Contacts\n\nCourse Director: m.ast.diretor@fc.up.pt\n\nPostgraduate Section: pos.graduacao@fc.up.pt\n\nStudents: m.ast@fc.up.pt\n\n### General information\n\n* Information for applicants: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_info_cand_view?pv_curso_id=871&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\nDirector: Catarina Lobo\n\nAcronym: M:A_ASTR\n\nAcademic Degree: Master\n\nType of course/cycle of study: Masters Degree\n\nStart: 2007/2008\n\nDuration: 4 Semesters\n\n### Study Plan\n\n* Plano de Estudos oficial desde 2013/14: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_planos_estudos_view?pv_plano_id=6001&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\n* All Courses of Study: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_planos_estudos_list?pv_curso_id=871&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\n### Certificates\n\n* Master's degree in Astronomy and Astrophysics (120 ECTS credits)\n* Specialization in Astronomy and Astrophysics (66 ECTS credits)\n\n### Predominant Scientific Areas\n\n* Astronomy\n* Physics"@en . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "1300.00" . "Euro"@en . "3750.00 (International) / 2250.00 (CPLP)" . "Recommended" . "* Researcher: Researchers in astronomy work on a variety of projects, from studying the formation of stars and galaxies to searching for exoplanets. They typically work in universities, research institutes, or government agencies.\n* Engineer: Engineers in astronomy develop and build instruments for astronomical observations. They also work on software for data analysis and visualization.\n* Consultant: Consultants in astronomy work with businesses and government agencies to apply astronomical knowledge to solve problems. For example, they may help to develop new technologies for space exploration or to assess the risks of asteroid impacts.\n* Science communicator: Science communicators in astronomy share the excitement of astronomy with the public through writing, public speaking, and media appearances. They may work in museums, science centers, or the media."@en . "1"^^ . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .