. "Climate Change"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Climate change, hydrology and the cryosphere"@en . . "7.50" . "After successfully completing this course, the student will:\nhave an in-depth overview of the functioning of the hydrological cycle and the cryosphere as part of the climate system;\nhave attained knowledge about the impact of climate change and climate variability on terrestrial hydrological fluxes such as precipitation, evaporation, glacier and snow melt and river runoff;\nhave attained knowledge about the interaction between hydrological states and fluxes and the climate system, including feedbacks related to groundwater, soil moisture, ice and snow;\nappreciate the many sources of uncertainty in climate change projections that are caused from an incomplete description of terrestrial hydrological cycle and are acquainted with examples of running debates and controversies.\n\nContent\nTraditionally, the terrestrial part of the hydrological cycle is mainly studied by hydrologists while the atmospheric part is left to atmospheric science and the cryospheric part to glaciology. As a consequence, apart from the study of evaporation, the three sciences have shown limited interaction. The last two decades however, have shown an increased interest in climate change and its impacts, not only by the atmospheric and cryospheric science community, but also by hydrologists. The first studies on hydrology and climate that were performed by hydrologists mainly focussed on the impact of climate change and variability on the water balance and river discharge. Recently, atmospheric scientist have turned more and more to hydrology to come up with better land-atmosphere parameterisations in order to improve climate models and weather prediction. The same holds for the cryosphere. There is an increasing number of cases where glacier dynamics and snow hydrology are integrated in basin scale hydrological studies. These developments together have led to an almost separate hydrological discipline called 'climate hydrology' where hydrological systems are viewed as part of the climate system being both influenced by climate change and variability and the cryosphere, as well as constraining the climate system through positive and negative feedbacks. The study of the hydrological cycle in the context of the climate system and the cryosphere has developed sufficiently to warrant a self-contained course on the subject.\n\nThe course consists of a set of lectures, in which a separate subject is treated by an expert. The course outline is divided in three main blocks: the climate system, fundamentals of the atmosphere, cryosphere and the hydrosphere and climate change impacts.\n \n1.The climate system\nAn overview of the global climate system\nThe role of the hydrological cycle in the climate system\n2.Fundamentals of atmosphere, cryosphere and the hydrosphere\nMeasurements and physics of precipitation\nMeasurements and physics of evaporation\nPrinciples of the atmospheric boundary layer\nClimate, soil moisture and groundwater feedbacks\nMountain meteorology\nSnow hydrology\nPhysics of glaciers\n3.Climate change impacts\nClimate model and downscaling\nDynamics of glaciers, ice sheets and global sea-level rise\nThe intensification of the hydrological cycle\nClimate change impacts on mountain hydrology\nIn addition, there will be hands-on exercises and case study work to get familiar with commonly used tools, methods and key concepts. There are three short hands-on exercises of half day each. The topics of the hands-on exercises are:\nClimate change impacts on snow and glaciers part I: downscaling\nClimate change impacts on snow and glaciers part II: snow\nClimate change impacts on snow and glaciers part III: glaciers\nThe final part of the course will be to develop a short movie in groups. the movie is focused on \"raising climate awareness for the broad public\" using material from the course. You will first participate in a masterclass by a professional moviemaker." . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in Earth Surface and Water"@en . . "https://www.uu.nl/en/masters/earth-surface-and-water" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The Master’s programme Earth Surface and Water involves the study of natural and human-induced physical and geochemical processes, patterns, and dynamics of the Earth’s continental and coastal systems. The main subject areas you will study during the two-year programme consist of the dynamics of coastal and river systems, (geo-)hydrological processes, groundwater remediation, land degradation in drylands and mountainous regions, natural hazards, and delta evolution on centennial and longer time scales.\n\nFocus on societal problems\nModern society puts increasing pressure on the natural environment. The Earth Surface and Water programme therefore focusses on imminent societal problems, such as society’s increased vulnerability to climate and environmental changes and to natural hazards such as drought, flood, and mass movements. It also addresses the threats and opportunities resulting from human activity on our physical environment, including the hydrological cycle.\n\nCore areas of research\nIn the Earth Surface and Water programme you will study the interactions between the natural and the socio-economic systems using quantitative and spatially explicit methods. It addresses the dynamic patterns and processes of the physical and chemical components on the Earth’s surface, shallow subsurface and the coastal areas. Understanding the historic and current processes will help to predict their responses to global change.\nThe programme contains field observations and laboratory experiments with the latest developments in remote sensing and computational methods.\n\nSome examples of the programme's societal and scientific questions:\nHow do river floods affect delta systems and their inhabitants?\nHow can we use natural processes under climate change to maintain safe - yet attractive and dynamic - coastlines?\nHow to leverage remote sensing for detailed monitoring of natural processes and ecological variables?\nWill we have enough water to sustain the world’s rapidly increasing population in 2050?\nWhat is the most efficient way to clean an oil spill that enters the soil and groundwater?"@en . . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "2530.00" . "Euro"@en . "23765.00" . "Recommended" . "equipped to work in both fundamental and applied research; career in applied research at government institutes, consulting firms, or industries; Knowledge of coastal and river management, land use, natural resources, pollution, and hazard mitigation; understanding the past, present, and future evolution of Earth’s environment, and human impact on this evolution; Potential career paths physical geographer, geochemist, and hydrologist."@en . "4"^^ . "TRUE" . "Downstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .