. "Physical Geography"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "River and delta systems"@en . . "7.50" . "The intended learning outcomes are integrated physics-based, geomorphology-based and sedimentology-based understanding of the formation and dynamics of rivers and deltas, systems thinking and basic understanding of the societal context of river and delta dynamics, and data analysis skills and modelling skills. Specifically, after a successful course the student:\nhas acquired knowledge, explanations and advanced understanding of fluvial morphodynamics at length scales ranging from particles to valleys and deltas and seconds to millennia, and interactions between these scales\nhas advanced his/her knowledge and understanding of fluvial morphodynamics and system response to changing boundary conditions, thereby crosscutting disciplinary boundaries of fluvial morphodynamics, engineering, sedimentology and geology both in understanding and language of concepts\nhas developed quantitative skills, including physics of flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics, reconstruction and budgeting techniques, and programming\nis able to develop empirical, analytical, experimental and numerical tools to reconstruct and predict fluvial phenomena, and is able to evaluate critically the power and limits of these approaches\nis able to position the knowledge and understanding in the wider societal context of river basin and delta management, engineering and nature rehabilitation with the boundary condition of global change\nis able to analyse and interpret scientific data and literature on fluvial processes, morphology and modeling, and is able to apply this within the fluvial system framework of this course, and clearly present this in writing or oral presentations.\n\nContent\nFluvial and deltaic systems will be studied at all relevant scales from morphodynamics in a channel, to river pattern variation in a valley, to distributary dynamics in a delta. River systems cover about 80% of the Earth’s surface and about one-third of humanity lives in them. The entire course is a unique integration of process-based geomorphological, sedimentological and engineering approaches. The course content is structured in four themes with increasing length and time scales of evolution. Within each theme, the necessary initial and boundary conditions for certain phenomena are studied, the underlying physical processes identified and derived, and the consequences for morphology, stratigraphy and so on described. The course alternates between reach and system scale, for longitudinally simple cases (one source, one sink) to complex systems with multiple sedimentation basins and terraced floodplains as well as entire deltas. The course content is structured in four themes with increasing length and time scales of evolution. Systems thinking and the interactions between physical and biological processes and humans provide important concepts for understanding and forecasting. Some subjects:\nReview of channel flow, sediment transport and fundamentals of fluvial morphodynamics. This part mostly comprises review and deepening of required foreknowledge. References will be provided, particularly for students with deficiencies in background.\nRiver patterns: empirical descriptors and predictors for river patterns (which refers to bar pattern, channel pattern and to some extent floodplain pattern), and reconstruction how these patterns changed in response to late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change, sea-level rise and human interference.\nRiver displacement on plains and deltas is about how a river fills larger spaces by migration and displacement (avulsion). Such larger spaces include valleys, fluvial plains and deltas. Furthermore, in between the fluvial deposits peat develops, that later on might considerably affect the development of deltas. During displacement, channel bifurcations divide water, sediment and hazards over the delta, which can be understood from basic physical insights.\nFrom just below the mountains to near the sea is about the fluvial system from upstream alluviated valleys (e.g. with terraces) to the sedimentary (deltaic) zone. Given the required time of significant change, the system at this scale is strongly affected by boundary conditions such as base level change (downstream boundary), climatic change (upstream boundary) and forebulge dynamics (‘initial’ condition).\n\nDevelopment of transferable skills:\n \nThe computer practicals (Python) will improve your:\nability to work in a team (through collaboration with fellow students),\nwritten communication skills (through abstracts written in English), \nverbal communication skills (by presenting your research to your fellow students),\nwork ethic (through collaboration and submission deadlines),\nanalytical/quantitative and technical skills (through data analysis and modelling with Python). \nThe Delta research project will improve your:\nability to work in a team (projects will be carried out in groups of 3-4 students),\nproblem-solving skills (by going through the process of defining a research question, developing an appropriate method, gathering data, and analysing results),\nengagement with the scientific literature\nwritten communication skills (through extended abstracts written in English), \nverbal communication skills (by presenting your research to your fellow students),\nleadership and work ethic (through working in groups)\nadaptability (conducting your own research project will most likely involve dealing with unforeseen circumstances)" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in Earth Surface and Water"@en . . "https://www.uu.nl/en/masters/earth-surface-and-water" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The Master’s programme Earth Surface and Water involves the study of natural and human-induced physical and geochemical processes, patterns, and dynamics of the Earth’s continental and coastal systems. The main subject areas you will study during the two-year programme consist of the dynamics of coastal and river systems, (geo-)hydrological processes, groundwater remediation, land degradation in drylands and mountainous regions, natural hazards, and delta evolution on centennial and longer time scales.\n\nFocus on societal problems\nModern society puts increasing pressure on the natural environment. The Earth Surface and Water programme therefore focusses on imminent societal problems, such as society’s increased vulnerability to climate and environmental changes and to natural hazards such as drought, flood, and mass movements. It also addresses the threats and opportunities resulting from human activity on our physical environment, including the hydrological cycle.\n\nCore areas of research\nIn the Earth Surface and Water programme you will study the interactions between the natural and the socio-economic systems using quantitative and spatially explicit methods. It addresses the dynamic patterns and processes of the physical and chemical components on the Earth’s surface, shallow subsurface and the coastal areas. Understanding the historic and current processes will help to predict their responses to global change.\nThe programme contains field observations and laboratory experiments with the latest developments in remote sensing and computational methods.\n\nSome examples of the programme's societal and scientific questions:\nHow do river floods affect delta systems and their inhabitants?\nHow can we use natural processes under climate change to maintain safe - yet attractive and dynamic - coastlines?\nHow to leverage remote sensing for detailed monitoring of natural processes and ecological variables?\nWill we have enough water to sustain the world’s rapidly increasing population in 2050?\nWhat is the most efficient way to clean an oil spill that enters the soil and groundwater?"@en . . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "2530.00" . "Euro"@en . "23765.00" . "Recommended" . "equipped to work in both fundamental and applied research; career in applied research at government institutes, consulting firms, or industries; Knowledge of coastal and river management, land use, natural resources, pollution, and hazard mitigation; understanding the past, present, and future evolution of Earth’s environment, and human impact on this evolution; Potential career paths physical geographer, geochemist, and hydrologist."@en . "4"^^ . "TRUE" . "Downstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .