. "Optional modules - 6 ects (choice of 2 lectures over 6)"@en . . "6" . "- Remote sensing of tectonics and volcanic deformation\n- Satellite geodesy This lecture aims to give a general culture on current utilization of the space\ngeodetic techniques in many geophysical fields (non-tectonic deformations, meteorological and climate\napplications) and open up new perspectives on their future utilizations\n- Planetary remote sensing - This lecture aims at giving a general culture on the exploration of the Solar System and describing the\nremote sensing methods commonly used to study the planets and small bodies without atmosphere in\nthe Solar System.\nThe methodologic part is dedicated to implementing in Python language sensitivity analysis and an\ninversion method using Bayesian inversion.\n- Energetics of the climate system Géneral Organization of the Course\n1. The Earth seen as a whole: global processes and history\n2. Radiative Processes and Radiative-Convective Models\n(vertical dimension of the problem)\n3. Atmospheric and Oceanic Transport (horizontal dimension\nof the problem)\n4. Anthropogenic forcings and climate response: uncertainties and\nfeedbacks\n5. The COPs: what is the role expected from science\n- Clouds, aerosols and precipitations - This course provides key elements of aerosol, cloud and precipitation physics, from the small scale\n(the particles composing clouds) to the regional scale (a cloud system) and up to the global scales.\nIt includes:\n- Origin and chemical composition of aerosols\n- Spatial and vertical distributions of particles in the atmosphere\n- Microphysics of aerosols: brownian motion, coagulation, condensation, deposition, cloud\nnucleation\n- Optical properties of aerosols\n- Aerosol radiative forcing: direct, semi-direct, indirect, impact on snow and ice surfaces\n- Water in the atmosphere: thermodynamics of moist air\n- Microphysics of warm clouds: formation and growth of cloud droplets\n- Microphysics of cold clouds: formation and growth of ice crystals\n- Precipitation processes : Rain and Snow\n- Opical properties of clouds\n- Effect of clouds on radiations\n- Cloud feedbacks and link with climate sensitivity\n- Atmospheric chemistry and air quality - This course presents the mechanisms that control the composition of the atmosphere in\nthe lower atmosphere, in remote and polluted environments. A first part introduces the\nbasics of chemical kinetics and photochemical equilibria in the troposphere. The\nequilibrium of the stratosphere and the evolution of the ozone layer are then studied. The\nrest of the course is devoted more specifically to the understanding of the oxidative\ncapacity of the troposphere and the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosols.\nThe main processes involved in the development of air pollution episodes at urban and\nregional scales, as well as the tools used by the scientific community and air quality\nmanagement services for air quality monitoring and forecasting, are then described. The\nspecific structure of the boundary layer and the associated chemical and dynamical\nprocesses are detailed, including emissions, deposition and chemical evolution.\nAll aspects are introduced theoretically before providing a specific description of the\npractical application in modeling platforms. These models are presented in the context of\ncurrent air quality policies in Europe and key issues are presented to understand the\nrealistic abatement choices discussed for improving air quality and limiting climate\nchange. Various current applications are described such as extreme case analysis,\nscenario studies up to operational forecasting, health impact assessment, chemistryclimate analysis" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Others"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Master in earth and planet sciences, environment: fundamentals of remote sensing (FRS)"@en . . "https://u-paris.fr/en/master-in-earth-and-planet-sciences-environment-fundamentals-of-remote-sensing-frs/" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "Electromagnetism, radiometry, radiative transfer, orbitography,Data and image processing, numerical modelling\nApplications of remote sensing (geophysics, natural hazards, terrestrial ecosystems, natural resources, exploration of the solar system, etc.)\nSpace law"@en . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "no data" . "243.00" . "Euro"@en . "243.00" . "Mandatory" . "It allows students to do a PhD thesis in Geophysics, Environmental Science, Planetary Science or Applied Science. It also gives them the opportunity to work directly in technology companies in the space and telecommunication sector."@en . "no data" . "FALSE" . "Downstream"@en . . . . . . . . . .