. "Instrumentation-telescopes, Detectors, And Techniques"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Advanced instrumentation"@en . . "6" . "Specific Competition\nCE1 - Understand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nCE10 - Use current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and learn about its innovative technologies.\nGeneral Competencies\nCG1 - Know the advanced mathematical and numerical techniques that allow the application of Physics and Astrophysics to the solution of complex problems using simple models\nCG2 - Understand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and instrumentation design\nBasic skills\nCB6 - Possess and understand knowledge that provides a basis or opportunity to be original in the development and/or application of ideas, often in a research context\nCB7 - That students know how to apply the knowledge acquired and their ability to solve problems in new or little-known environments within broader contexts\nCB8 - That students are able to integrate knowledge and face the complexity of formulating judgments based on information that, being incomplete or limited, includes reflections on the social and ethical responsibilities linked to the application of their knowledge and judgments\nCB10 - That students possess the learning skills that allow them to continue studying in a way that will be largely self-directed or autonomous\nExclusive to the Specialty in Observation and Instrumentation\nCX9 - Understand advanced astrophysical instrumentation including cutting-edge telescopes and detectors and adaptive optics techniques\n6. Subject contents\nTheoretical and practical contents of the subject\n- Topics (headings):\n\n1. General concepts (image formation and interference).\n* Elements of an optical system: pupils and diaphragms; aberrations: concept and correction\n* Basis of the theory of image formation: pupil function and transmission function\n* Interference: amplitude and frequency modulation\n* Black body\n\n2. The atmosphere in the measurement of the signal.\n* Atmospheric emission and absorption\n* Diffusion (scattering)\n* Atmospheric dispersion models\n* Seeing: characteristics; modeling: Fried parameter\n\n3. Imaging through a turbulent medium\n* Wavefront; wavefront error; Zernike polynomials\n* The atmosphere as a turbulent medium: turbulence in clear air; Reynolds number; Kolmogorov theory: scale length\n\n4. Interferometry.\n* Principles of interferometry. Spatial resolution. ldo selection.\n* Interference filters\n* Etalons\n* Instrumental examples\n\n5. Image correction: adaptive optics (AO) and post-facto methods\n* Principles of OA\n* AO and MCAO\n* Instrumental examples\n* Post-facto methods: speckle photometry, lucky imaging\n\n6. Spectroscopy integral and multi-object field measurement\n* Concept and development\n* Instrumental examples\n\n7. Polarimetry.\n* Concept\n* Scientific applications and observational limitations\n* Instrumental examples\n8. Cryogenics.\n\n* Why cool instruments\n* Cryostat\n* Insulation\n* Radiation shield\n* Types of chillers (closed cycle, liquid nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, etc.)\n* Optomechanics\n\n9. Detectors.\n* Photographic plates\n* Photomultipliers\n* Photoelectric effect: materials\n* Integration amplifiers\n* CCDs\n* IR detector mosaics\n* Bolometers. STJ\n* Signal to noise ratio: concept and determination\n\n10. Radio astronomy.\n 1. Radio telescopes.\n ⁃ General diagram of a radio telescope.\n ⁃ Dipole type antennas. Hertz dipole. Dipole arrays. Examples.\n ⁃ Single antenna telescopes. Types of frames. Types of optical designs. Parabolic reflectors, lighting and reception patterns. Aperture efficiency, roughness and Ruze equation. Horns and waveguides. Examples of single antenna telescopes, and designs.\n ⁃ Radio interferometry. Complex visibility. Opening synthesis. Dirty and clean maps. Applications. Examples of interferometers.\n 2. Receivers.\n ⁃ Coherent receivers. noise temperature. Quantum limit. White noise and 1/f. amplifiers. Gain fluctuations. Super-heterodyne receiver. Dicke receiver. Focal Plane Arrays.\n ⁃ Thermal receivers, bolometers. Bolometer equation. Responsivity, conductance, time constant. NEP, Johnson noise, phononic noise and photon noise.\n ⁃ Kinetic inductance receivers.\n\n11. Instrumental projects\n* Generalities\n* User requirements and specifications: optics, mechanics, electronics and software\n* Scientific projects directors\n* Management scheme" . . "Presential"@en . "FALSE" . . "Master in Astrophysics"@en . . "https://www.ull.es/en/masters/astrophysics/" . "90"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The exceptional atmospheric conditions for top-quality astronomic observation to be found in the Canary Islands, together with its geographic proximity and excellent connections with Europe, justify the presence here of the European Northern Hemisphere Observatory (ENO). This fact, along with the consequent concentration of teachers and researchers around the Canary Island Institute of Astrophysics, the ULL Department of Astrophysics and the Observatories, generates the ideal atmosphere for a Master in Astrophysics in which direct contact with leading professionals represents exceptional value added. The Master has been designed based on an ample and rigorous choice of subjects, options and itineraries that that take the form of three specialities: “Theory and Computing Speciality”, “Observation and Instrumentation Speciality” and “Material Structure”\n\nGeneral skills\nKnow the advanced mathematical and numerical techniques that allow Physics and Astrophysics to be applied to solving complex problems using simple models\nUnderstand the technologies associated with observation in Astrophysics and the design of instrumentation\nAnalyse a problem, study the possible solutions published and propose new solutions or lines of attack\nAssess orders of magnitude and develop a clear perception of physically different situations that show analogies allowing the use of synergies and known solutions for new problems\nSpecific skills\nUnderstand the basic conceptual schemes of Astrophysics\nUnderstand the structure and evolution of the stars\nUnderstand the mechanisms of nucleosynthesis\nUnderstand the structure and evolution of galaxies\nUnderstand the models of the origin and evolution of the Universe\nUnderstand the structure of matter to be able to solve problems related to the interaction between matter and radiation in different energy ranges\nKnow how to find solutions to specific astrophysical problems on your own, using specific bibliography with minimum supervision\nKnow how to work independently on new research projects\nKnow how to programme, at least in one important language for scientific calculation in Astrophysics\nUnderstand the instrumentation used to observe the universe in the different frequency ranges\nUse current scientific instrumentation (both Earth-based and Space-based) and have a command of their innovative technologies\nKnow how to use current astrophysical instrumentation (both in terrestrial and space observatories), especially the instrumentation that uses the most innovative technology and know the foundations of the technology used\nApply the knowledge acquired to undertake an original research work in Astrophysics"@en . . . "1.5"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "Not informative" . "no data"@en . "Not informative" . "None" . "no data"@en . "no data" . "FALSE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .