. "Stellar Physics"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Stellar structure and evolution"@en . . "6.0" . "### Teaching language\n\nEnglish \n_Obs.: As aulas serão em português caso todos dominem esta língua_\n\n### Objectives\n\nThe main objective is to learn the fundamental principles that establish the internal structure and evolution of stars. To do so it is required to study in detail what are stars, their most important features and how stars work. A detailed formulation of the problem is covered by defining the equations of stellar structure and the physical relations, together with a careful identification of the relevant boundary conditions that determine the solution that represents the observations. Thus the student learns how to apply the physical principles to interpret the different phases of a star’s life, using the observations to validate the model. Some topics of active research are addressed in order to consolidate the concepts and techniques being discussed, allowing the student to learn with applications to specific/real cases.\n\n### Learning outcomes and competences\n\nIn order to acquire a solid understanding of the fundamental principles of stellar physics and how stellar models can be validated with the observations, the program is defined including the physics and mathematical principles required by stellar structure and evolution models. The program includes the concepts required to construct the model and the discussion on how this model can predict the expected observational behavior of stars, supporting the confrontation between models and astronomical observations in regimes not available in the laboratory. Thus, the contents include not only the theoretical formulation of the relevant fundamental concepts but also the detailed discussion of the observational information that is avaliable and how it can be interpreted using the models from the theoretical analysis.\n\n### Working method\n\nPresencial\n\n### Program\n\n \n2. Observation of stars and clusters\n \n4. Stellar structure equations\n \n6. Physical relations relevant for the stellar interior\n \n8. Description of the internal structure of a star and its evolution\n \n10. Methods for study of solar/stellar interior\n \n12. Ongoing research topics and open questions\n \n\n### Mandatory literature\n\nR. Kippenhahn; [Stellar structure and evolution](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000226469 \"Stellar structure and evolution (Opens in a new window)\"). ISBN: 3540502114 \n\n### Complementary Bibliography\n\nClayton Donald D.; [Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000224824 \"Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis (Opens in a new window)\"). ISBN: 0-226-10953-4 (pbk) \nC. J. Hansen; [Stellar interiors](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000227823 \"Stellar interiors (Opens in a new window)\"). ISBN: 0-387-94138-X \n\n### Comments from the literature\n\nReferences (books and reserach articles) on specific sections of the program are provided in the lecture notes and/or during the lectures.\n\n### Teaching methods and learning activities\n\nThe contents are discussed in the class by using the blackboard and the projection of plots. In the final part there is the discussion of scientific articles. Along the semester some time is used to solve exercises/examples, made available in the lecture notes. All course material is available through the Aulas na Web, including a copy of the slides used, the exercises, and the lecture notes for stellar structure and evolution. There is a reference book that is used as the primary reference, but for some itens complementary books and/or scientific articles are also provided.\n\n \n\n \n\nTeaching is organized to enable the acquisition of the formalism that describe how stars work (Chapters 2, 3 and 5), while other components develop the capacity to analyze the observations and interpret them based on the formalism being discussed (chapters 1 and 4). To do so, the lectures are a combination of theoretical discussion of the physics, identification of typical applications of stellar astronomy, and problem solving, always with emphasis on the participation of the student. Chapter 6 seeks to use active research topics to reinforce the importance of the concepts discussed and to allow the student to recongnize the value of what is learned in the various chapters, as a necessary and useful tool for research in stellar physics.\n\n### keywords\n\nPhysical sciences \nPhysical sciences > Astronomy \nPhysical sciences > Astronomy > Astrophysics \n\n### Evaluation Type\n\nDistributed evaluation with final exam\n\n### Assessment Components\n\nPresentation/discussion of a scientific work: 25,00%\nExam: 70,00%\nPresential participation: 5,00%\n\n**Total:**: 100,00%\n\n### Amount of time allocated to each course unit\n\nPresentation/discussion of a scientific work: 30,00 hours\nAutonomous study: 90,00 hours\nFrequency in classes: 42,00 hours\n\n**Total:**: 162,00 hours\n\n### Eligibility for exams\n\nThe student will not be able to complete the course if he/she does not participate in half of the lectures. There will be an attendance log in all classes.\n\n### Calculation formula of final grade\n\nThe final rating has the following components:\n\n1. 14 points - the final written exam with consultation (minimum grade is required in this component of one third)\n2. 5 points - presentation and discussion of a topic\n3. 1 point - active participation in classes, to be evaluated by submitting questions, solutions for problems to be proposed, discussion of the individual work and its progress, discussion of research articles, etc.\n\nThe student may request an additional assessment as allowed by the Evaluation Regulation of FCUP.\n\n### Examinations or Special Assignments\n\nThe presentation will be a review of a current research topic: it aims to ask students to produce a detailed review of topic on Stellar Structure and Evolution. The choice of topic is made at the beginning of the semester, and students are expected to look for additional/complementary information, namely in scientific articles (for example in the Astrophysics Data System or in specific journals). \n \nThe presentation and its discussion will take place at the end of the semester. The evaluation is associated with: \n \n\n \n* depth of the topic addressed; scope of the topics discussed; clarity in approach and proper description\n \n* well-structured and clear presentation, with relevant and easy-to-read slides, including useful figures and correctly planned for the time available.\n \n* capacity to have a in deep discussion, which demonstrates having understood the topics presented, showing copacity to argue and clarify the content that was presented.\n \n\n \n\nMore information at: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=498805" . . "Presential"@en . "TRUE" . . "Master in Astronomy and Astrophysics"@en . . "https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_view?pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_origem=cur&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_curso_id=871" . "120"^^ . "Presential"@en . "The main objective of the Master of Astronomy is to complement and extend the training of graduate students in astronomy, physics, mathematics and related fields. In particular, in order to improve their preparation for a research career in Astronomy, through their subsequent enrolment in a Doctoral Programme in Astronomy.\n\n### Admissions Requirements\n\nApplicants to the Second Cycle (Master) in Astronomy must hold a First Cycle (Bachelor) degree (minimum of 180 ECTS credits) or equivalent (including higher education foreign degrees), whose curriculum includes at least 30 ECTS credits, or equivalent, in Mathematics and Physics, including a minimum of 12 ECTS credits in each of these scientific areas. Candidates that may verify these conditions before the end of the registration period in the Master in Astronomy can also apply. Holders of an academic, scientific or professional curriculum that is recognised as attesting the capacity to successfully complete this cycle of studies by the Scientific Committee of the Master in Astronomy may also be admitted. \n\n### Criteria for Selection and Ranking\n\nThe ranking will be done according to the following criteria and sub-criteria:\n\n* 1.1 - Academic curriculum (training area and average grade) (80%)\n * 1.1.1 - Subcriterion 1: training area (40%)\n * 1.1.2 - Subcriterion 2: average and adequacy of the degree (40%)\n* 1.2 - Scientific curriculum and professional experience (20%)\n * 1.2.1 - Subcriterion 1: technical and/or scientific publications and communications (10%)\n * 1.2.2 - Subcriterion 2: participation in research projects, internships in the area of the cycle of studies or other relevant professional experience (10%)\n\n \nNote: Candidates who do not yet hold a Bachelor's degree and/or have an academic, scientific or professional curriculum which is recognized as attesting the capacity to carry out this cycle of studies by the statutory competent scientific body, will be ranked according to the criteria and subcriteria indicated above, with the difference that the final average mark of the degree will be replaced by the weighted average mark of all curricular units completed to date. \n \n**Candidates' tiebreaker criterion:** greater number of ECTS credits obtained in the area of the cycle of studies.\n\n### Teaching Language\n\n* Fully in English\n\n### Information\n\nIt is highly desirable that candidates possess programming skills and a good written and oral command of the English language.\n\n### Contacts\n\nCourse Director: m.ast.diretor@fc.up.pt\n\nPostgraduate Section: pos.graduacao@fc.up.pt\n\nStudents: m.ast@fc.up.pt\n\n### General information\n\n* Information for applicants: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_info_cand_view?pv_curso_id=871&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\nDirector: Catarina Lobo\n\nAcronym: M:A_ASTR\n\nAcademic Degree: Master\n\nType of course/cycle of study: Masters Degree\n\nStart: 2007/2008\n\nDuration: 4 Semesters\n\n### Study Plan\n\n* Plano de Estudos oficial desde 2013/14: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_planos_estudos_view?pv_plano_id=6001&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\n* All Courses of Study: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/en/cur_geral.cur_planos_estudos_list?pv_curso_id=871&pv_ano_lectivo=2022&pv_tipo_cur_sigla=m&pv_origem=cur \n\n### Certificates\n\n* Master's degree in Astronomy and Astrophysics (120 ECTS credits)\n* Specialization in Astronomy and Astrophysics (66 ECTS credits)\n\n### Predominant Scientific Areas\n\n* Astronomy\n* Physics"@en . . . . "2"@en . "FALSE" . . . "Master"@en . "Thesis" . "1300.00" . "Euro"@en . "3750.00 (International) / 2250.00 (CPLP)" . "Recommended" . "* Researcher: Researchers in astronomy work on a variety of projects, from studying the formation of stars and galaxies to searching for exoplanets. They typically work in universities, research institutes, or government agencies.\n* Engineer: Engineers in astronomy develop and build instruments for astronomical observations. They also work on software for data analysis and visualization.\n* Consultant: Consultants in astronomy work with businesses and government agencies to apply astronomical knowledge to solve problems. For example, they may help to develop new technologies for space exploration or to assess the risks of asteroid impacts.\n* Science communicator: Science communicators in astronomy share the excitement of astronomy with the public through writing, public speaking, and media appearances. They may work in museums, science centers, or the media."@en . "1"^^ . "TRUE" . "Upstream"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .