LECTURES: Trigonometric leveling in detailed measurements. Determining the difference in height on the basis of the oblique and horizontal length for one-sided observations, taking into account the influence of the curvature of the Earth's surface and refraction. Determining the difference in height on the basis of bilateral and synchronous observations. Analysis of the accuracy of the difference in height determined by the trigonometric leveling method. Ways of determining the refractive index. Ways of determining the height of an inaccessible point. Application of trigonometric leveling for measurements of height matrices. Situational and altitude measurements using the tacheometric method and development of large-scale maps. Principles of developing large-scale maps, with particular
emphasis on updating the main map on the basis of measurement using the tacheometric method. Organization of tacheometric measurement. Principles of generalization of details and relief during measurement. Classic and modern measurement network (total stations, block matrix, free tacheometric stations). Total stations (historical outline). Electronic total stations (construction, rectification and measurement principle with electronic total stations). Direction reading and measuring systems in electronic theodolites - repetition. Patterns for horizontal distance and height difference. Standard functions and special programs of electronic total stations. Analysis of the accuracy of tacheometric measurements. Location and altitude measurement technologies based on field coding. Situational
and altitude measurements using the GNSS method in RTK mode.
PROJECT: Determining the height using the trigonometric leveling method on the basis of the oblique and horizontal length for one-sided (taking into account the influence of the Earth's curvature and
refraction) and synchronous two-sided targets. Analysis of the accuracy of determining the difference in height using the trigonometric leveling method. Preparation of observations for the equalization
of the trigonometric leveling network. Determination of the height of an inaccessible point. Situational and altitude measurements using the tacheometric method. Electronic total stations; measurement functions and calculation procedures, establishing free tachymetric positions, situational and height measurements based on field coding, computer processing of measurement data. Analysis of the accuracy of tacheometric measurements. Development of a situational and altitude map based on tacheometric measurements (large-scale numerical map with the geo4ce program).
