### Working language
Português - Suitable for English-speaking students
### Goals
Understand the operating principles of GNSS systems (Global Navigation Satellite Systems).
### Learning outcomes and skills
A. Know the characteristics of the current GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems), identify their limitations, and acquire the necessary knowledge to determine positions and speeds.
B. Identify and understand issues that may affect GNSS observations and how to overcome them.
C. Knowing the advantages, and necessity, of integrating GNSS with other sensors and identifying the most appropriate solutions depending on the type of application and the desired positional accuracy.
D. Realize that in science what, for some, is noise, for others, can be a valuable source of data, which allows the acquisition of relevant information for various areas of Earth and Space sciences.
### Working mode
In person
### Prerequisites (prior knowledge) and co-requisites (concurrent knowledge)
\- Elementary knowledge of Reference Systems
\- Orbits
### Program
1\. Introduction to global positioning techniques: evolution and basic concepts, operating principles, types of observables, error sources.
two\. Methodologies to eliminate and model errors in the determination of positions and velocities.
3\. GNSS integration with other sensors. Practical examples of application in remote sensing.
4\. Methods for advanced analysis of long series of temporal data. Applications in Geosciences.
5\. Ionosphere: introduction and basic concepts. Influence on the accuracy of GNSS measurements. Use of GNSS data to characterize the state of the ionosphere and identify disturbances.
6\. Reflected signals: applications of GNSS reflectometry.
### Mandatory Bibliography
Sanz Subirana Jaume; [GNSS data processing](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000296749 "GNSS data processing (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 978-92-9221-886-7
### Complementary Bibliography
Groves Paul D.; [Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems](http://catalogo.up.pt/F/-?func=find-b&local_base=FCUP&find_code=SYS&request=000291643 "Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multisensor integrated navigation systems (Opens in a new window)"). ISBN: 978-1-58053-244-6
### Teaching methods and learning activities
Classes include theoretical exposition but also oral presentations by students. Students must write and deliver a report corresponding to the work they have presented.
### Type of evaluation
Distributed evaluation with final exam
### Assessment Components
Presentation/discussion of a scientific work: 20.00%
Exam: 80.00%
**Total:**: 100.00%
### Occupation Components
Frequency of classes: 21.00 Hours
Self-study: 40.00 hours
Laboratory work: 20.00 hours
**Total:**: 81.00
### Get Frequency
Students cannot exceed the maximum number of absences from theoretical-practical classes, in accordance with the legislation in force at FCUP:
### Final classification calculation formula
The final classification (EF) results from the performance in the Theoretical Exam (ET) and Presentations and Reports (AR)
The final classification will be: CF= ET \*0.8 + AR\*0.2
Minimum: 50% in the written exam and 50% in the Presentations and Report
NOTE: Classification superior to 15 points in the theoretical exam will only be attributed after carrying out a complementary oral test.
More information at: https://sigarra.up.pt/fcup/pt/ucurr_geral.ficha_uc_view?pv_ocorrencia_id=479386
