Electromagnetic waves: Spectrum and properties of electromagnetic waves. Wave range used in geodesy. Fundamentals of metrology. Absolute laser distance meter, a basic principle of operation and their classification. Pulse laser distance meter, the timing problem. Phase laser distance meter: wave sources, modulation, photodetectors, reference frequency generators, photometers. Radio wave
distance meter, the principle of measuring pseudo-range to satellites. Propagation of electromagnetic waves: Atmospheric refraction and its influence on length measurement. Measurement of meteorological conditions. Resistance and thermoelectric thermometers. Aspiration psychrometers. Aneroids and barometers. Distance measurement errors. Comparison of distance meter instruments.
Application of the interference phenomenon in geodesy. Electronic theodolites. Electronic angle measurement methods: code, dynamic and pulse. Vertical axis tilts compensation methods. Electronic total stations. Lasers: the use of lasers in geodesy. The basic principle of the operation of laser scanners. electronic code levelling instruments: the principle of construction of the levelling instruments and levelling staffs. Types of power sources. Selection of the power source. Unit of length. Determining the accuracy of time measurement - impulse distance meter. Construction of the distance meter - disassembly of the distance meter. Measure the frequency modulation. Determining the frequency correction. Phaseometer. Measurements with phase distance meter (Topcon, Leica, Sokkia, Nikon).
Determining the prism constant. Working formulas for determining atmospheric correction. Measurements of temperature, pressure and humidity - comparison of meteorological instruments.
Electronic theodolites. Determination of collimation and inclination. Testing the accuracy of the angle measurement. The use of the interference phenomenon in geodesy. Measurement of the length
increment with the Michelson interferometer. Calibration of the code levelling instruments (DiNi12, Wild NA2003). Transmission of measurement data to a computer (RS232, USB etc.).
